菊花之育種
Other Title
Chrysanthemum Breeding
Journal
2011年花卉研究團隊成果發表會專刊
Part Of
農業試驗所特刊第164號
Pages
61-70
ISBN
978-986033726-6
Date Issued
2012-11
Date
2012-11
Author(s)
許謙信
Chian-Shinn Sheu
Abstract
菊花之品種繁多，於台灣進行育種，除考慮花形、花色等因子之外，風土適應性亦為必須考慮之重要因素。菊花之開花受日長及溫度所影響，遂衍生不同栽培氣候下自然開花之多種季節性品種。秋冬季開花之品種受低溫之影響，而有延遲開花之情形，歐、美、日等國家因冬季使用溫室加溫，無此一問題，台灣選拔出之5 個新品種其中4 個為耐低溫之品種，於低溫之季節下，開花不延遲。以台灣之栽培模式及品種為依據，育種時之季節開花性應考慮以下幾點:1.以台灣自然氣候下之露天或簡易設施栽培制度為考量。2.可利用電照調節花期之周年性或栽培季節長之品種。3.短日之臨界日長在14.5 小時左右，偏向絕對性短日植物之品種。4.適合夏季開花之早生品種，對冬季寒流之反應不敏感。5.秋菊之始花期能提早到9 或10 月而且對冬季之低溫不敏感。
There are many cultivars in Chrysanthemum gene pool. In the breeding program of Taiwan, besides flower shape, color, the adaptation to climatic factors and soil is the main consideration. Because the flowering of chrysanthemum is affected by photoperiod and temperature, there are so many varieties are developed for culture in different seasons. However, the thermo positive effect of autumn-winter flowering chrysanthemum delays the flowering is one of the problem for breeding. The cultivation in Japan, Europe and America have no problem on this topic because they use hating system in winter, temperature is controlled in the acceptable range. Four of five newly released low-temperature tolerant varieties were selected in breeding program. They are no-delay flowering in the winter. Considering the cultivation model and varieties in Taiwan, The principle of breeding are: 1. Varieties have to be cultivated in the open-field or under simple structure cultivation system. 2. Flowering of varieties could be regulated by lighting, and the cultivation period should be long term or year round. 3. Critical day length of short day could be less than 14.5 hours, and not relative response. 4. Summer flowering varieties could be insensitive under low-temperature. 5. Autumn flowering varieties could be enhance flowering time to September or October, and insensitive under low-temperature.
Event(s)
2011年花卉研究團隊成果發表會
Proceedings of the Symposium on Achievements of Floriculture Research Team of Council of Agriculture in 2011
Subjects
菊花
育種
溫度
Chrysanthemum
breeding
temperature
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
conference paper
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