泰國麻炭疽病與黃麻炭疽病之比較研究
Other Title
A Comparative Study of Anthracnose Disease on Thai Kenaf (Paw Keo) and Jute
Journal
農業研究
Journal Volume
10
Journal Issue
3
Start Page
39
End Page
52
Date Issued
1961-09-06
Date
1961-09-06
Author(s)
杜金池
蔡雲鵬
C.C. Tu
Y.P. Tsai
Abstract
1. 本研究之目的在探求泰國麻炭疽病菌之生理性狀及感染途徑，並與黃麻炭疽病菌（Collet-trichum corchorum）作一比較，冀能確定泰國麻炭疽病菌之名稱。
2. 泰國麻炭疽病菌與黃麻炭疽病菌之分生胞子堆、分生子梗及分生胞子之形態、色澤、大小比較結果，非常類似，未能發現可資鑑別之差異。
3.就培養性狀與分生胞子發芽條件比較結果，兩者截然異趣，其為不同菌之事實，已可認定。
4.泰國麻炭疽病菌於任何一種培養基上之生長，均顯然迅速，以泰國麻種子瓊脂上之生長最速，次為黃麻種子瓊脂，但就菌絲之生長密度、分生胞子形成量言，則馬鈴薯蔗糖瓊脂最佳。又蔗糖濃度以 8~10%之間，碳素源以Dextrose及Sucrose，氮素源以NH4N03 ( 250 mg.）最適合菌絲之生長及分生胞子之形成。
5. 泰國麻炭疽病菌之生長溫度範圍為 10~40oC之間， 28oC為最適宜之生長溫度。酸鹼度以 pH 5.5~7.5之間生長最佳， pH3.5~9.5之間均可生長。螢光處理結果，雖亦可促進胞子之形成，但並不顯著。
6. 分生胞子之發芽以蒸餾水加黃麻莖組識之發芽率聶高，洋蔥蔗糖瓊脂及蒸餾水加泰國麻莖組識次之。發芽溫度以 26~28oC較20oC及30oC適合。
7. 泰國麻炭疽病之感染途徑與黃麻炭疽病相同，分種子、土壤、成株地上部3種感染方法。同時對黃麻亦有高度致病性，病徵與黃麻炭疽病相同。
Thai kenaf (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Var altissima) is a new fiber crop introduced from Thailand in 1957. It has been found that the Thai kenaf is susceptible to anthrax-cnose and its injury tends to become serious throughout the growing areas.
Since the symptom of this disease and the morphology of its pathogen such as the forms of acervulus, setae, conidiophore and conidium are very similar to those of jute anthracnose. Physiological aspects of the two pathogenes were compared to determine whether they differ from each other or not.
It was found that the pathogen of Thai kenaf anthracnose grew more faster on the culture than that from jute. The types and colours of colonies were affected by the different media. On the potato-sucrose agar, for example, brownish, encountered colonies covered with white mycelia were obtained. Such difference was not observed in the case of jute anthracnose.
The optimum temperature of each pathogen was 28°C. for Thai kenaf anthracnose, and 30°C. for jute anthracnose. Both pathogenes obtained better growth at pH value
6-7. However, the former seemed to prefer Alkali region to Acid region, while the latter showed to have a preference for acidity.
A majority of the conidia of Thai kenaf anthracnose germinated on distilled water containing jute stem tissue. On the other hand, superior gemination of the conidia was found if jute anthracnose was provided with onion-sucrose agar.
Inoculation tests revealed that the infestation of Thai kenaf anthracnose might occur either by the means of seed infection, soil infection and plant infectIon. The pathogen was also able to infect jute, and caused the symptom which like the jute anthracnose.
On the basis of these results, it is appropriate to conclude that the pathogene of Thai kenaf anthracnose might differ from that of jute anthracnose in some extent. Because two pathogenes can be easily distinguished as the mentioned characteristics are compared. Apparently a further study is necessary in order to determine whether the differentiation of Thai kenaf anthracnose is caused by the organism other than Colletotrichum corchorum Ikata et Tanaka., or merely due to its physiological variation.
Publisher
農業試驗所
Type
journal article
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