以栽培生理角度探討‘玉荷包’荔枝生殖生長之研究進展、應用與展望
Other Title
Research progresses, implications, and prospects on the reproductive growth in ‘Yu Her Pau’ litchi from a cultivation physiology perspective
Start Page
79
End Page
86
ISBN
978-626-446-065-1
Date Issued
2026-07
Author(s)
李昱錡
張哲嘉
Abstract
‘玉荷包’荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)因品質優異，且誘導花芽形成之涼溫量較低、符合氣候變遷(climate change)下之產業發展趨勢而為台灣主要栽培品種，但仍存有花序類型不一及結實不穩問題，導致生產成本及栽培門檻較高之問題。本文以栽培生理角度，回顧‘玉荷包’荔枝花序型態、以側花軸節點數(paracladium node)及生殖指標對純花序(leafless inflorescence)結構量化分析及同一花序兩波偏雌花(two-sequence female flowers)對果實生產之影響，希能作為果園管理及後續研究之參考。純花序與帶葉花序(leafy inflorescence)之開花枝供碳潛能相同，惟前者之花序品質、留果數及每果穗重均較高，但著果率及果實性狀無差異。以FA (factor analysis)與K-means聚類法(clustering)將側花軸節點劃分為核心區(core zone) (自花軸基部算起40-50%節點數，具75%偏雌花及80%果實)與彈性保留區(flexible reserve zone) (自花軸基部算起70-75%節點數，具90%偏雌花及90%果實)。共存之早、晚生果實之花期相差三週，然晚生果因較高的夜溫致使生育期較短，故成熟期只差一週；早生果之鮮重雖為晚生果之1.5倍，但二者生育模式相似，且均達商業販售標準。綜上，‘玉荷包’純花序之果實生產較帶葉花序為佳，純花序可依結構上不同功能區域及目的優化疏花序策略，單一花序異熟果實(asynchronous maturity fruits)者其晚生果之留存與否視生產目標而定；文中亦討論未來研究方向。
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an economically important fruit crop in Taiwan, and ‘Yu Her Pau’ is a major cultivar because of its excellent fruit quality and relatively low cool-temperature requirement for floral induction, which meets production under climate change. However, this cultivar still suffers from various inflorescence types and inferior fruit set, resulting in high production costs and a relatively high cultivation threshold for growers. From a cultivation physiology perspective, this article reviews the inflorescence types of ‘Yu Her Pau’ litchi, quantifies leafless inflorescence structure using the number of paracladium node and reproductive indices, and evaluates the effects of two-sequence female flowers emergence within a single inflorescence on fruit production, with the aim of providing a reference for fruit management and subsequent studies. Leafless and leafy inflorescences have similar carbon supply potential at the bearing shoot level; however, leafless inflorescences exhibit superior inflorescence quality, greater numbers of retained fruits per panicle, and higher cluster weight, whereas fruit set percentage and fruit traits do not differ between the two inflorescence types. Factor analysis (FA) combined with K-means clustering analysis divides the lateral axis (paracladium) nodes into a core zone (40 - 50% of the total nodes counted from the base of the inflorescence axis, containing approximately 75% of female flowers and 80% of fruits) and a flexible reserve zone (70 - 75% of the total nodes from the base, containing approximately 90% of female flowers and 90% of fruits), which can be used to establish management strategy during flowering period. Within the same inflorescence, early- and late-developing fruits differ in anthesis by about 3 weeks, but late fruits experience a shorter developmental period owing to higher night temperatures, therefore the harvest time differs by only about 1 week; early fruits have a fresh weight about 1.5 times that of late fruits, yet both fruit types show similar growth patterns and meet commercial market standards. Overall, fruit production is superior in leafless inflorescences compared with leafy inflorescences in ‘Yu Her Pau’ litchi, and leafless inflorescences allow optimization of inflorescence-thinning strategies according to functional zones and production objectives, while the decision to retain late fruits in asynchronous maturity panicles should depend on specific market targets. Future needs on the researchers of the reproductive physiology in ‘Yu Her Pau’ litchi are also discussed.
Subjects
純花序
帶葉花序
二出聚繖小花序
側花軸
偏雌花
花序結構
聚類分析
疏花序
兩波偏雌花
異熟果實
果實品質
leafless inflorescence
leafy inflorescence
dichasia
paracladium
female flower
inflorescence structure
K-means clustering
inflorescence thinning
two-sequence female flowers
asynchronous maturity fruits
fruit quality
Publisher
農業部農業試驗所
Type
book part
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