(第06號)臺灣省臺南縣之土壤

Abstract

土壤調查為農業改良之基本工作，三十年前日據時代，本所前身雖曾進行本省各地之土性調查，惟以土壤學進步不已，三十年來已突飛猛進，昔日之調查方法及分類標準，因時代不同，難免不盡適合目前之需要。溯自光復以還，本所即從新舉辦全省分類土壤調查，經完成並刊行告者，計有臺中、澎湖二縣，臺南縣土壤之調查，始於三十七年冬，由梁技正鉅榮主，技正林敬德、技士陳春泉、黎靜韻諸同人協助進行迄三十八年杪事。水泉於去春到任，深感各縣之土壤調查，對於本省農林業之改良及增產規劃等，有密切之關係，乃續辦理高雄、新竹、臺北諸縣土壤調查，冀於二三年內完成全省普遍之詳細調查，惟以限於人力，尚須假以時日，爰先將已完成之臺南縣調查報告付梓，名為臺南縣之土壤，供各方之參考。本書分類尚週，研究較詳，所附十萬分一土壤分佈點，係實地研究，選擇採樣，測繪分佈，並參以室內化驗之結果；如欲明瞭該縣各地土壤之實況者，可按圖索驥。且有此系統之分類及詳細分析，對目前農政規劃，實際應用，農事試驗，及日後精密之調查與學術上之研究， 當不無裨益也。 臺南縣之土壤調查，自民國三十七年十月開始，野外觀察探樣與室內化驗，均經分別進行完竣，編成報告，製就土壤分佈圖，茲將報告內容摘要述之如下 1臺南為本省最先開發之區，位本省西南部，在東經120˚57’12”-120˚01’36”，北緯22˚53’05”-20˚49’56”之間，面積5,275方公里，佔全省總面積15.03%，36年人口為1,355,433人，每方公里263人。 2境內之溪流，自北而南，計有濁水溪，虎尾溪，北港溪，朴子溪，八掌溪，急水溪，曾文溪，鹽水溪及二層行溪；流向除曾文溪上游自北而南外，餘均自東而西，就中以濁水溪及曾文溪源長而流域較廣。埤圳甚多，以嘉南大圳之珊瑚潭為最大；海岸線長145.2公里，由其外圍之沙霸（off shore oar）砂嘴（Spit）等之防護，形成布袋，北門，東石，臺西及安平諸港灣。 The soil survey of Tainan prefecture, Taiwan, was started in Sep. 1948 by IC. W. Leung, in charge, with the assistance of C. C. Chen, C. T. Lin, and C. Y. Lai. Data concerning the topography, general agriculture, as well as soil samples was surveyed and collected; the soils were classified into series and types, the extent of each type was ascertained; and a map showing location and distribution was prepared. A description of morphological, behaviors of each type is supplemented with data of chemical composition and mechanical analysis. A general discussion of soil fertility, management and conservation of this prefecture was also made. The results obtained may be summarized as follows: Location, area and population: Tainan, a well known agricultural prefecture is situated in the south-western part of Taiwan. It lies between the longtitude 120˚57’12”-120˚01’36” E., and the latitude 22˚53’05”-20˚49’56” N., having a land area of 5,275 sq. k.m. equivalent to 15.05% of total Taiwan. The population according to the census of 1947 is 1,355,433, of which 60 percent are farmers.