| dc.description.abstract | 蔥薊馬Thrips tabaci Lindeman係石蒜科蔬菜之主要害蟲，其生活史以特製之壓克力養蟲裝置在室內飼育。蔥薊馬之發育由卵，若蟲期至前蛹及蛹期，在16℃ 時各蟲期分別平均為9.50, 8.93, 8.80 日，20℃ 時為7.50, 6.77, 7.30 日，24℃ 時為5.40, 5.03, 4.40 日，室溫（平均19.53℃ ）時為4.90, 6.20, 5.80 日。成蟲壽命16℃ 時為10.79 日，20℃ 時為10.77 日，24℃ 時為10.40 日，室溫時為13.57 日。成蟲多行孤雌生殖parthenogensiso 產卵量可用Lactophenol-acidfuchsin solution 染色後加以觀察，每一雌蟲平均產卵量16℃ 時為11.18 粒，20℃ 時為11.83 粒，24℃ 時為13.10 粒，室溫下為9.97 粒。其發育臨界低溫在卵期為5.85℃，若蟲期為5.89℃ ，前蛹及蛹期為8.80℃ 。有效積算溫度，卵期平均為100 日度，若蟲期平均92 日度，前蛹及蛹期平均71 日度。各蟲期之發育速率（Y ）受溫度（x ）影響，其關係呈正相關，方程式為卵期Ŷ＝-0.0585＋0.0100x（r2 = 0.9710），若蟲期為Ŷ＝-0.0642 + 0.0109X（r2= o.9896），前蛹及蛹期為Ŷ＝-0.1250＋0.0142X（r2＝0.8965）。在本省南部地區蔥薊馬田間族群在11-4 月為高峰期，尤以2-3 月為烈。夏季則蟲口密度顯著降低，其族群變動受溫度、雨量之影響較大。
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman has been one of the major insect pests on Amaryllidaceae in Taiwan. Rearing the thrips using the sandwich type of acrylic-plastic sheets in laboratory under 16, 20, 24°C(±1°C) and room temperature(average 19.53°C). The mean duration of egg, nymph, prepupa and pupa were varied with temperature, the egg stage required 4.90-9.50 days, nymphal stage required 5.03-8.93 days, prepupal and pupal stage required 4.40-8.80 days, respectively. The longevity of adults were 10.79, 10.77, 10.40 and 13.57 days with 16, 20, 24°C and room temperature, respectively. Adults reproduced progency by parthenogenesis completely. For the small egg buried in the leaf tissue and hard to observe directly, therefore using the dye lactophenol acid- fuchsin solution and got the average fecundity of per female were 11.18, 11.83, 13.10 and 9.97 under various temperature respectively. The physiological zero point of development of egg, nymph, prepupa and pupa stage were 5.85, 5.89, 8.80°C respectively and the average accumulated temperature of egg, nymph, prepupa and pupa stage were 100, 92, 71 degree-days, respectively. From the data above, we got the development rate (Y) were affected by temperature, and calculated the regressive equations were
Ŷ=-0.0585+0.0100X (r2 =0.97l0), Ŷ=-0.0642+0.0109X (r2 =0.9896), Ŷ=-0.1250+ 0.0142X (r2 =0.8965), respectively. From the three years survey of population density in the field, we found the population density increased from November to April, especially in the February and March of low temperature seasons, and the population density declined sharply during high temperature season. Obviously, the fluctuation of onion thrips population in the field was influenced by temperature and precipitation. | en_US |
