不同採收期與貯藏法對柴胡種子發芽之影響

Abstract

柴胡種子於開花後55.62.69及76天分別採收，經充分陰乾後貯藏於冰箱(0-5℃)、乾燥器、定溫箱(36℃)及室溫下，並按貯藏後第3、6、9及12個月等4期，測定其發芽率及發芽速度。發現(1)新鮮種子之發芽率及發芽速度，以開花後69天採收者比其他採收期表現優異，其發芽率高達71%，發芽率達50%所需日數為21天。(2)乾燥種子之發芽率及發芽速度，則因貯藏法及貯藏時間不同而表現互異，一般以採用定溫箱貯藏法者較佳，其種子之平均發芽率達71%，平均發芽率達50%所需日數為14天，依次為採用乾燥器及冰箱貯藏法，而室溫貯藏者最差。(3)採用冰箱、乾燥器及室溫等貯藏法之乾燥種子，最高發芽率表現皆於貯藏後第6個月，而定溫箱貯藏者於第9個月。(4)不同貯藏法下之乾燥種子最佳採收期之研究結果顯示，則於開花後69天採收者，其種子發芽率較高，發芽速度亦較快。 The seeds of Chia-hu (B. falcatum L.) were harvested at weekly intervals from 55 to 76 days after flowering (DAF), They were dried and sealed in plastic bags with calcium chloride, and then stored (1) in a refrigertor at 0-5°C, (2) in a desiccator under room temperature, (3) in a incubator at 36°C, (4) on the bench of this laboratory under room temperature. Germination rate and Gt50 for each treatment were tested at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after storage. The results were summarized as follows: (1). The best germination rate and GT50 were obtained in the fresh seeds harvested at 69 days after flowering with a germination rate of 71% and GT50 of at 21 days. (2). The germination rates and GT50 of dry seeds varied with time and mtehods of storage. The best storage method was found with incubator at 36°C, which resulted in a mean germination rate of 77% and GT50 of 14 days. The results stored in desiccator under room temperature and in refrigertor at 0-5°C were better than that stored on the bench in this laboratory, which lost their viability in 6 months, that meight due to the great fluctuation of ambient temperature and relative humidity. (3). The maximum germination rate for the seeds stored in the refrigerator, desiccator and under room temperature were found in the periods of 6 months after storage. The seede stored in the incubator, however, had lost their vigour in 9 months after storage. (4). Among the four harvesting date, the best germination rate and GT50 were observed in the seeds harvested 69 days after flowering.