小型聯合收穫機試造

Abstract

1. 進口之聯合收穫機雖作業性能良好，但由於機構複雜，容易故障，且價格高昂，每台需新臺幣二十餘萬元，收穫水稻無法降低作業成本，因此研究試造構造簡單、廉價實用之收穫機，期能推進水稻收穫作業全面機械化。 2.行走機構改用六輪驅動式代替橡皮帶，簡化機構並增加機器之機動性。但六輪驅動機構在田間之轉向性能差，頗影響工作效率，故改用輸胎和橡皮履帶可交換式之機構，使在田間作業時仍用履帶，而在路上行走時則改用輸胎。接地壓為0.38kg/cm2，若欲減少到0.2kg/cm2以下，則重量應大幅減至570kg以下。 3. 切割刀稻及搬送原預定採用構造較簡單之旁送鏈條和扶桿將割下之稻束輸送到脫穀部，但由於作業性能不佳，稻束易發生零亂，故改採用旁送鏈條和星狀輸之輸送機構，因此割切輸送部之構造未能達到簡化目的。 4. 脫穀部省去選別部及送回處理機構，並改用上置式脫穀法，效果仍然良好，已達簡化機構之目的。 5. 試造機之初步田間作業性能如下： 每分地（約0.1公頃）收穫作業時間約需80分鐘，比預期時間60分差20分，各機件之運動速度需再檢討。 穀粒損失中排塵口損失在晴天平均0.21%，雨天1.18%，未脫粒損失晴天平均1.33%，雨天0.74%，總損失未超出3%之標準，情況相當良好。 6. 若能將行車速率提高到0.6~0.7公尺／秒，則作業成本將可大幅度降低，每公頃在3,000元以下，即可促進製造及推廣。 7. 本試驗機繼續研究改良極可能成功。 1. The foreign made rice combines perform very well in Taiwan. However, since these combines are very complicated in structure and easy to have mechanical trouble and been sold in a rather higher price (over NT$ 200,000 per set) , the total rice harvesting cost won’t be decreased when these combines are used. Hence, for the sake of general mechanization in rice harvesting, a new kind of rice combine with a simple structure and cheap in price is in urgent need. 2. In the part of the travelling mechanism, for the purpose of increasing the mobility of the new combine, we adopted the 6-wheel drive system instead of the original gum crawler system. However, since the turning ability of the 6-wheel drive system is very poor, the working efficiency will be affected very much when the 6-wheel drive system is used. Therefore, the new combine adopted both the tyre wheel and the gum crawler system, when this new combine is operated in the rice field, the crawler system is used, otherwise, when it is travelling on the road, the tyre-wheel system is adopted. Since the present ground contact pressure of the tyre wheel is 0.38 kg/cm2, if the ground contact pressure of the tyre wheel is maintained under 0.2 kg/cm2, the total weight of the combine must be sharply decreased within 570 kg. 3. The mechanism of the cutting device and the transportation device of the new combine is originally planned to adopt the simplified combination device of side way drive chain and holding bar which can deliver the rice plants to the threshing device of the combine. However, these simplified mechanism mentioned above performed very poor during test (rice plants will be turned to a mess very easily), therefore, a new kind of combination of the side way drive chain and star wheel is adopted. Hence, the original plan, to simplify the cutting and delivery devices, has not been fulfilled. 4. The sieve device and the recirculating device have been omitted from the threshing device of the new combine, and the upper feeding threshing method is also adopted. After field test, it is proved that this new threshing device is still performed very well. Therefore, the goal of simplifying the original threshing device is fulfilled. 5. The primary results of the functional test of this experimental new combine are indicated below: The actual total harvesting time per 0.1 hectare is 80 minutes which is 20 minutes more than the original planed (the originally planed figure is 60 minutes per 0.1 hectare), therefore, the speeds of these moving parts in the new combine should be restudied. The grain loss of the total grain loss in residue is 0.21% (average) in fair weather, and 1.18% (average) in dew weather, the unthreshed grain loss is 1.33% (average) in fair weather and 0.74% in dew weather. The total grain loss is not exceeded the 3% grain loss standard level, therefore, the result is remarkably well. 6. If the working speed of the combine is increased to 0.6-0.7m/sec, the operational cost will be sharply decreased to the extent about NT$ 3,000 per hectare or less, therefore, this combine can be mass produced and will be adopted widely by farmers in Taiwan. 7. This experimental new combine has a chance to reach its original goal if further studies and improvements are made.