水稻花葯癒傷組織形成培養基的檢討

Abstract

利用MS（Murashige & Skoog , 1962）或N-6（Chu et al., 1975）基本鹽類培養基，配合不同的植物荷爾蒙，做為誘導水稻花葯癒傷組織形成及幼植株分化的培養基，發現含有N-6 無機鹽類的兩種培養基，其癒傷組織的誘導率為40%左右，遠較含有MS 無機鹽類培養基的20%為高。對幼植株的分化而言，源自含有NAA 、Kinetin 培養基的花葯癒傷組織，其分化綠苗的能力，遠較源自含有2 , 4-D 2mg / l 培養基者為高。若同時考慮花葯癒傷組織的形成及綠苗分化，則以含有NAA 4mg / l 、Kinetin 2mg / l 的N-6 無機鹽及MS 有機鹽類培養基最優，其育種效率（breeding efficiency ，即由花葯培養形成綠苗的百分率）為12.4。含有NAA 、Kinetin 的MS 無機鹽類培養基次之，其育種效率為4.7 。而含有2 , 4-D 的MS 及N-6 培養基均不佳，其育種效率均為1.8 ，不適於利用花葯培養進行育種工作時使用。 Rice anthers of cv.Tainung 67 and F1 hybrids of japonica x indica crosses at uninucleate developmental stage were inoculated on 4 different media. The effects of plant hormones and inorganic salts based on Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Chu et al. (N-6) on callus induction and further differentiation into green plants from cultured rice anthers were evaluated. It was found that the medium containing inorganic salts of N-6 composition gave better results in both callus induction and plant regeneration than that of MS inorganic salts. About 40% of cultured Tainung 67 anthers produced callus from N-6 medium compared with 20% from MS medium. Callus induced from medium containing NAA (4 mg/ 1) and kinetin (2 mg/l) possessed higher plant regeneration ability than those induced from 2, 4-D-containing medium. The medium composed of N-6 inorganic salts, MS organic substances and supplemented with 4 mg/l NAA and 2 mg/l kinetin was considered to be the best for callus induction and plant regeneration in rice anther culture. The breeding efficiency (number of anthers which produced green plant per 100 cultured anthers) of the new evaluated medium, when tested in Tainung 67, was 12.4 which was about 3 times higher than that of the MS medium with the same amounts of NAA and kinetin. The breeding efficiency of 2, 4-D-containing medium was only 1.8 and was not suitable in practical rice breeding programs.