洋菇細菌性褐菇病之防治研究

Abstract

利用濾紙產生抑制圈及液體稀釋法測定九種殺細菌劑之藥效，結果顯示其中之 Strepto - mycin 及 Oxytetracycline 對洋菇細菌性褐菇病菌（Pseudomonas tolaasi 具有良好的抑制效果，而對洋菇菌絲生長無影響。菇床試驗方面，將 400 ppm 之 Oxytetracycline 第一次與覆土混合使用，第二次於出菇前使用時則有 85% 之防治效果；而 Oxyt etracycline 及 Streptomycin 400 ppm 使用二次時則分別有 82 及 81% 之防治效果。第一次使用在出菇前一星期噴洒於菇床，經過二星期後再作第二次噴洒。噴洒後 10 天 Streptomycin 在菇體殘留量為 10 ppm 而 Oxytetracycline 在噴灑後第 8 天亦具有相同之殘留量。但上述二藥劑分別於第 12 天及第 10 天後則均無法分析。 Nine bactericides were tested by paper disc inhibition and turbiditric assessment. The results indicated that Streptomycin and Oxytetracycline showed effective inhibition of Pseudomonas tolaasi, and gave no effect on mycelial growth of Agaricus bisporus. The test of residues of bactericides on fruiting bodies of mushroom by Bacillus cereus var. mycoides (I. F. O. 3015) shown that the Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin had no effect on human’s health. The bed test showed that the control percentage for bacterial blotch was 85% when the Oxytetracycline 400 ppm first mixed with casing soil and then spray on the surface of beds before the formation of fruiting bodies. Two sprays of Oxytetracycline 400 ppm and Streptomycin 400 ppm onto the beds gave 82% and 81% of control, respectively. The first spray was given before pin-head formation, and the second one was at two weeks later. The residues of Streptomycin on fruiting bodies was 10 ppm in ten days after spraying, while the same dosage was detected from Oxytetracycline after eight days.