省產與進口蘋果之果實品質及貯藏力比較

Abstract

省內福壽山農場及武陵農場產之”金冠”與”元帥”蘋果於70 年9 月底採收，調查其果實品質並與同期進口之蘋果相比較，爾後於3℃ , 85%RH 貯藏，逐月調查其貯藏期品質之變化，並於71 年2 月底與後期進口之美韓蘋果進行果品分析比較，以明瞭省產蘋果與進口蘋果果品之優劣。鮮採之省產蘋果，經官能品評結果較進口者佳，以武陵之”金冠”及”新大王”居冠。省產”金冠”在貯藏三個月內風味較進口者為差，但貯藏四個月後，福壽山產”金冠”因貯藏力強而居冠。省產”元帥”四個月貯藏中各月間之風味品評皆較進口者為佳，以武陵產之”新大王”居首。市場消費後期比較，省產”金冠”品質與風味皆較進口者差，但省產”元帥”與進口之15 種廠牌比較佔第3 及4 位。 省內高海拔（福壽山）及較低海拔（武陵）產之蘋果相較，前者含酸、澱粉量高，硬度大，鮮採之風味較後者差，但貯藏力強，果色較佳。蘋果貯藏後，其酸含量、澱粉含量及硬度漸減，糖含量及果色稍增。省產蘋果在貯藏一個月後，上述變化較進口者為大，而後之變化與進口者類似。利用澱粉對碘之呈色反應可供貯藏期間測定澱粉量之變化且甚為簡便，但精確度較差，在澱粉含量低於3.1%即無法呈色。 Domestic grown apples in Li-shan and Wu-lieng mountain areas were harvested in September 1981 Fruit qualities in terms of fruit color, firmness, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and starch content were analyzed to compare with that of imported apples which were harvested about the same time. Fruits were then stored at 3°C, 85% R. H. for checking their storability and compared their qualities with off-season imported fruits at the end of their long-term storage. It was found that freshly picked domestic grown apples including both of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Red Delicious’ showed a higher grade than imported fruits in taste panel test. Domestic grown ‘Red Delicious’ also appeared a higher storability and a higher grade in taste score after four-month storage when compared with that of 15 brands newly imported fruits. However, domestic grown ‘Golden Delicious’ showed a lower storability and grade in taste. Fruits grown in high altitude (2350 M) expressed a higher degree in firmness, fruit color, titratable acidity, starch content and storability than fruits grown in lower altitude (1800 M) , but not in taste and soluble solids. Firmness, titratable acidity and starch content decreased while soluble solides and fruit color increased gradually during storage. Starch content also decreased to a level of lower than 3. 1% where it was undetected by the iodine test.