dc.description.abstract | Tests conducted on the second paddy crop in Taipei in 1961 (Lee, 1961) showed that Sumithion gave excellent initial effect against the larvae of the paddy borer, Scho-enobius incertulas Wlk., but was effective residually only for about one week. In the present tests persistence of Sumithion at a higher insecticide concentration and in combination with endrin was compared with parathion, EPN, and endrin. A brief discussion was made on the mode of action of residues of endrin and parathion on the newly hatched larvae. Trials were also conducted op the residual effect of these compounds when applied in a soil. Two field tests were carried out at Chiayi and Taipei to study residual control of the pest.
前次試驗(Lee. 1961 ) Sumithion對三化螟初孵化幼蟲顯示優異之初效(initial effect),但殘效期間則僅約一星期。於本試驗中,Sumithion以較高濃度或用量使用時(0.1%,每欉17 cc),得到較佳之殘效,然其有效期間似仍不能超過一週。與endrin混合使用,殘效可加長,其濃度Sumithion 0.05%,endrino 0.02%似已足夠。Endrin單獨使用時,其殘效與前次試驗相同,頗有變異。Parathion之殘效並不理想。EPN則有希望。
水稻露穗期施行土壤處理,其殘效1indane粉劑(3%,每欉5g)長於Parathion, EPN, Sumithion及endrin (0.05%乳釋液,每欉30 cc)。
就各次試驗結果發現,水稻之生長期影響藥劑對三化螟初孵化幼蟲之殘效頗大。植株外部狀態似亦有此可能。
在水稻露穗時噴藥,多種藥劑之殘效均不理想。此或由於幼蟲常侵入嫩穗(於苞鞘中)嚙食花器及穗軸所致,此時該部份仍包藏於苞鞘之內,藥毒滲入者可能甚少,甚或全無藥劑存在。因此從事殘效試驗時,各種生長狀態之水稻均需一一比較,每欉各株間之生長情形亦應力求統一,小規模試驗尤應注意此點。
由endrin和parathion之殘留成分作用程序(mode of action)之初步試驗結果顯示,endrin之表面殘留成分對三化螟初孵化幼蟲腳部之接觸和蟲體燻蒸不引起毒效。噴後不久之parathion似乎有些微之毒作用,唯由接觸或燻蒸何者所引起,尚未探悉。
田間試驗時發現,以自動式噴霧器,壓力約 40 p.s.i. 在每公頃 1,200公升之藥量下噴於水稻,其莖部著藥量甚少,此可能為藥劑防治效果不良原因之一,因此,藥劑之施佈方法有加以研究之必要。
在臺北地區水稻近露穗及嘉義地區水稻露穗時所進行之田間藥劑試驗,未得顯著結果(使用藥劑為Sumithion, endrin, parathion及Sumithion加endrin)。其可能之原因甚多,例如正出穗之水稻,遭遇颱風,自然被害率太低,噴藥至調查結果相隔時日過長或噴藥方法不適當等等。故於進行田間藥劑比較試驗之前,似應先予充分研究噴藥時期,用藥方法及如何使用指示物以測定試驗結果等問題。 | en_US |