水稻品種對黃萎病抗病性之初步檢定試驗

Abstract

水稻的黃萎病（Yellow dwarf）係由黑尾浮塵子（Nephotettix apicalis）及偽黑尾浮塵子（N. cincticeps）所傳播的一種菌質病（Mycoplasm disease）。本病普遍發生於亞洲國家，1910年在日本首先發現，而在臺灣則於1929年黑澤英一氏發現該病發生於第二期作之蓬萊稻。然在當時併不嚴重，殆至近年來發生率普遍增高。據農林廳之調查於53年全省發病之水稻田面積為5,877.84公頃，發生地區以宜蘭縣、桃園縣、新竹縣、苗栗縣、臺中縣、彰化縣等為主，其他縣市發生面積較少或無發生，但至54年全省發病面積增為8,050.45公頃，55年復增為41,799.79公頃，此趨勢有繼續之傾向而成為一嚴重水稻病害。 按本病之發生預防方法，雖可用藥劑驅除媒介昆蟲或清除其潛伏處所，撲滅越冬成蟲或幼蟲，但媒介昆蟲移動性甚大，不易收事半功倍之效，故最經濟而有效的預防方法為育成抗病品種。邱人璋氏 （1966）綜合報告有關本省水稻品種之抗黃萎病檢定經過如下：1932年黑澤氏曾調查49個水稻品種之黃萎病抵抗性，其中包括臺中65號，發現全部品種均屬感病性。大崎氏（1948）檢定18個品種之本病抗病性，其中新竹8號、臺中153號、嘉南13號及高雄18號等四種未罹病。臺中改良場於1960年第二期作在東勢所做之稻熱病檢定田內意外的得到參試品種之黃萎病反應。結果參試45個品種全部罹病。南改育27號之罹病率最低，即11.9%。 為對本病獲得進一步之認識，乃於民國57年第一期作進行試驗準備，同時進行檢定工作，茲將檢定方法及結果，作一簡要報導。

Due to the increasing importance of yellow dwarf disease in Taiwan, a screening test for rice varieties resistant to this disease was initiated at the Institute by use of controlled inoculation techniques. Five to eight seedlings (7 days old) per variety were fed for 24 hours to leaf hoppers including Nephotettix apicalis and N. Cincticeps, which were acqu- sition-fed with the diseased plants for 48 hours 30 days previously. All feeding was done in cages. About 40 days after the inoculation-feeding, the symptoms appeared on young tillers, but did not show distinct dwarfing. The testing plants were degenerated about two weeks after the first appearence of symptoms. TIe new plant arose from stubbles showed typical yellow dwarfing and severe infection with the disease. Among 70 varieties, consisting of ponlai, Taiwan indica and Japanses varieties plus a few varieties from China maixland and the philippines, only three varieties, Taipei 310, Taipei 131 and No-lin 49 were free of the disease. Other varieties showed various degrees of infection, ranged from 28.6 percent to 100 percent.