蝴蝶蘭之雜交育種

Abstract

蝴蝶蘭是台灣重要的經濟花卉作物之一，為維持台灣蝴蝶蘭產業之競爭力，新品種的育成是最重要的核心工作，因此桃園區農業改良場、花蓮區農業改良場及農業試驗所花卉中心皆成立蝴蝶蘭育種計畫，陸續蒐集、保存蝴蝶蘭屬原種50餘種及優良雜交種超過1000 株，並建立種原之特性資料庫及圖庫，作為育種之材料。同時建立原種多倍體種原庫，其中有4 個原種約110 株為四倍體、完成83 個蝴蝶蘭品種(系)染色體數與類型分析及探討Phal. violacea 與Doritis pulcherrima 雜交後代的香氣表現等，以提供蝴蝶蘭育種計畫中參考。本團隊蝴蝶蘭育種目標為短幼年性、耐病、葉姿挺立、花形圓整、花色鮮豔，中、大花系列以短梗、多花、無分枝、花序排列佳，小花系列以多梗、分枝、多花、花期長等性狀。每年各場所皆進行20-50 個雜交組合之育種計畫，歷年來已向英國皇家園藝學會登錄135個新雜交族群，參加各項蘭展累計獲60 餘個獎項。桃園場選育Dtps. Tydares Wonderland 等6 個grex 共14 株優良單株、花蓮場選育Dtps. Kenneth Schubert ‘Hualien Blue Wave’等9 優良單株進行有償讓與。花卉中心選育蝴蝶蘭’台農一號小精靈’，已獲品種權並專屬授權予業者。未來朝向具有香味及多倍體研發，並適時釋出優良之單株(品系)或品種予業者，提供業者作為育種之中間親本或商業品種，以滿足蘭花市場多樣化品種之需求，並藉此提高台灣蝴蝶蘭產業的競爭力。 Phalaenopsis is one of the important economic flower crops in Taiwan, and breeding is the most important work in order to maintain the competitiveness of Phalaenopsis industry. Therefore TYDARES, HDARES and TARI are enforce on Phalaenopsis breeding, keep collect and establish the database of more than 50 Phalaenopsis species and over 1,000 Hybrids. These projects have analyzed the chromosome number and types of 83 varieties (lines), therefore got 110 tetraploid plants of four species. We also analyzed the aroma performance of hybrid which was Phal. violacea crossed with Doritis pulcherrima, that’s provide a reference for Phalaenopsis breeding studying. The goals of these Phalaenopsis breeding projects are include short juvenility, disease-resistant, leaves standing upright, round flower-shape and bright color, and good inflorescence arrangement, short stalk, multi-flowers, non-branches for medium-large flowers, or short stalk, multi-flowers, well-branching, long flowering period for small flowers. Each of Phalaenopsis breeding projects are cross about 20-50 hybrid combinations annually, the result of that is has registrated 135 new hybrids in the RHS and own more than 60 awards in orchid shows. TYDARES has selected 14 fine individuals of 6 grex include Dtps. Tydares Wonderland, HDARES has selected 9 fine individuals include Dtps. Kenneth Schubert 'Hualien Blue Wave', all of these were transfer to the industry. TARI has selected Phalaenopsis' TARI No.1 Little Pixie' and got the variety rights then exclusive license to the grower. The Phalaenopsis researching group will working on breeding of Phalaenopsis with flavor or polyploidy in the future, and release the excellent individuals or varieties to the growers for breeding or commercial propagate, in order to meet the variety needs of market and keep the competitiveness of Phalaenopsis industry.