水稻疫病蟲害監測、共同防治及其展望

Abstract

防檢局89年開始聯合各試驗改良場所及縣政府，於全國重要水稻產地辦理重要水稻疫病蟲害之監測及共同防治，監測及防治對象包括水稻稻熱病、白葉枯病、褐飛蝨、瘤野螟、水象鼻蟲、二化螟及負泥蟲等，97年起並成立全國性專案監測計畫，擴大辦理稻熱病及白葉枯病之監測工作，所有監測資訊均彙整於植物疫情管理資訊網，再結合監測結果及地理資訊系統研判疫情，並發布236則警報提醒農民進行防治，同時辦理150 場以上講習會，指導農民正確防治方式，另每年均辦理稻種消毒約計15萬公頃，水稻病蟲害共同防治10萬公頃，經統計每年約可降低稻農6％以上危害損失。為持續強化水稻疫病蟲害監測及共同防治體系，未來將擴充監測點數、成立專家團隊研訂疫情分級基準與相對應之標準作業程序、擴增農民獲得資訊之管道，並加強監測結果與共同防治工作之勾稽。 The Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine (BAPHIQ) has cooperated with every Agriculture Research and Extension Station, Research Institute, and County Government since 2000 to monitor and manage the important pests of rice, including Rice blast, Bacterial leaf blight, Brown planthopper, Rice leaffolder, Rice water weevil, striped rice borer, and Rice leaf beetle. Besides, BAPHIQ set a national monitoring project to enhance the monitoring and control of Rice blast and Bacterial leaf blight from 2008. All monitoring information was collected in Plant Pest Information Monitoring and Reporting System, and then analyzed with Global Information System. We totally sent 236 alerts to remind farmers to control the pests, held more than 150 short-term trainings to teach farmers correct control methods, subsidized rice seeds sterilization pesticides for more than 150 thousand hectors, and subsidized pesticides for more than 100 thousand hectors. These efforts reduced the damage of pests for more than 6 % in statistics. In order to strengthen the system of monitoring and control, BAPHIQ planted to increase the monitoring sites, set up professionals groups to establish standard operation procedures, increase information collecting channels of farmers, and reinforce the connection of monitoring information and implement of control in the future.