| dc.description.abstract | 水稻有機栽培成功之關鍵在於「培育優質土壤，建構健康稻株」。耕地長期使用，土壤資源逐漸匱乏，水稻生長未能充分吸收所需之養分，將抑制產量形成及降低稻米品質，同時亦比較容易發生病蟲為害，因此水稻有機栽培首要在於改善土壤理化性質。水稻有機栽培選用無污染的稻種，可以有效降低水稻徒長病及線蟲所引起的白尖病，水稻移植以每叢6-7支秧苗為宜，水稻生育過程當中，必須將每叢分蘗數一期作控制在20-25支，二期作控制在15-20支之間，水稻於田間生育過程將可避開高溫多濕的生長環境，有效降低病蟲的危害，獲得穩定的產量收成。田間如發生較嚴重病蟲危害時，施用枯草桿菌控制稻熱病、白葉枯病均有很好的效果，施用蘇力菌或性費洛蒙，對於二化螟蟲及稻縱捲葉蟲均有一定的防治效果，使用窄域油或是辣椒粉對於褐飛蝨等亦有不錯的防治效果均可以使用。當然水稻有機栽培較容易發生病蟲為害的地區，例如靠近山區，晨間露水凝聚不散等地區，應避免進行水稻有機栽培耕作，水稻品種的選擇亦非常重要，容易感病的品種則絕對避免使用。
The keys of successful organic rice cultivation lied in “the cultivation of high quality of soils and construction of healthy rice”. When the land have been long-term used, the soil resources came to be nutrient deficient gradually. The rice has then not been able to absorb all the needs of nutrients. The condition suppressed the yield and reduced quality of rice. The rice has quite easy been infected by diseases and insects simultaneously. Therefore, the most importance of the rice organic cultivation lied in the improvement of soil physics and chemical quality. The rice organic cultivation selected the non-polluted seeds that might reduce the bakanae disease and rice white-tip disease. The rice transplanted 6-7 seedlings of each clump as suitably. In the rice growing process, each clump formed 20-25 tillers in the first crop season and 15-20 tillers in the second crop. The organic rice was possible to avoid the high temperature and wet microclimates of the field. It could reduce disease and insect’s infection and damage, so that obtained the stable yield. When the crop had the serious damage caused by diseases and insects, Bacillus subtilus was used to control rice blast and bacterial leaf blight, Bacillus thuringiensis or sex pheromone were used and showed promised effect on controlling rice stem borer and rice leaf folder, and narrow range oil or pepper powder were used to control brown plant hopper. It was not suggested that organic rice was cultivated in where the diseases and insects spread easily, like some mountainous area where morning dew condensed and not easy to disperse. The selected variety for organic culture was also important. The varieties which were susceptive to diseases and insects should be avoided. | en_US |
