昆蟲蛋白在養殖漁業的發展潛力分析

Abstract

食用魚類需求持續成長，預估 2030 年養殖漁業將必須提供全球62%魚類食用需求，為能持續獲利與發展，控制飼料成本與使用高營養飼料為養殖漁業擴大經營的挑戰。飼料中魚粉為主要蛋白質成份來源，然而魚粉受到可利用海洋資源之有限性，及其他市場對魚粉需求增加，魚粉國際價格逐年上升，對養殖漁業與飼料製造廠商產生經營壓力，因此開發可替代水產飼料中魚粉之原料為必要策略。魚粉替代來源包括陸水生植物、昆蟲、蚯蚓、生物蓄團與單細胞生物，其中昆蟲最符合永續發展要求，飼養昆蟲所需要之土地面積和水量，皆低於其他陸生植物與動物，製造過程為低生態足跡，在消費者注重永續消費趨勢下，昆蟲源水產養殖飼料具有發展潛力。 The consumption of fish is growing globally. Aquaculture has been predicted to provide 62% of fish for human consumption by 2030. To improve sustainability and profitability of current aquaculture practices, management of production cost and use of high nutrient aquafeed become the major challenge for continue business expansion. Fish meal is the main protein source of a farmed fish diet. Due to the limited marine resources and increasing demand in another industrial sector, international fishmeal price has been increased for a decade. High price fishmeal is a significant burden on aquaculture farmers and aquafeed companies. Therefore, finding new feeding products for partial replacement of fishmeal is required. There are several options of alternative feed protein sources include plant based feed, insect meal, earthworm meal, single cell protein and biofloc. The insect meal is more favorable following with Sustainable Development Goals than other options. Due to insect farming needs less land space and water than farming traditional livestock and cultivating soybean, processed insect protein is considered as a low environmental footprint protein source.