中部地區稻豆輪作體系經營管理之調查

Abstract

本研究以輪作體系處理分為 (A) 水稻-水稻 (對照組) 及 (B) 水稻-大豆。其中參試品種為一期作水稻品種台稉9 號、二期作為台稉9 號及大豆台南3 號，進行稻豆輪作體系各期作對病蟲害發生、作物灌水量及收益之評估。試驗結果顯示輪作體系一期作病蟲害，輪作體系 (B) 之稻熱病、胡麻葉枯病及二化螟等危害率略為增加趨勢。作物灌水量以輪作體系B (水稻-大豆) 全年每公頃灌溉水量48,141 m3，較慣行耕作體系A (水稻-水稻) 全年每公頃灌溉水量54,930 m3，減少6,789 m3，減少比率達12.36%。稻豆耕作體系與慣行耕作體系中一期稻作產量比較，每公頃可增加156 公斤，約增幅2%左右，淨收益增加3,900 元。一期作水稻二期大豆 (B) 每公頃合計收益184,300 元 (含契作補貼) 較慣行輪作之雙期水稻體系 (A) 合計收益148,500 元，可增加35,800 元且增幅約24%。整體上，雙期作水田中二期轉作大豆之耕作制度下，可稍微增加一期作水稻產量，提高該區水資源利用效率，為優良輪作制度之一。 The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate (A) rice-rice (control test) and (B) rice-soybean on pests and disease occurrence, water demand and income in the central region of Taiwan in 2017. The results showed that the water demand amount was 48,141 m3/ha in the rotation system B (rice-soybean). Compared with the conventional rotation system A (rice-rice), the annual water demand was 54,930 m3/ha. The rotation system B(rice-soybean) was reduced 6,789 (m3/ha) than the conventional rotation system A (rice-rice), with a reduction ratio of 12.36%.In the comparison of rice yield at the 1st season, the rotation system B was increased 158 kg/ha, an increase of about 2%, and the net income was increased 3,900 nt/ha. The total income of the rotation system B was 184,300 nt/ha, which was more than the total income of the rotation system A which was 148,500 nt/ha, which can be increased 35,800 nt/ha and Increase ratio was to 24%. On the whole, the paddy rice field transferred to soybean rotation System can increase the production of rice in the 1st reason, while blocking or slowing the occurrence of pests and disease, and the efficiency of water was used best, which was one of the excellent rotation systems.