| dc.description.abstract | 西瓜喜溫耐熱，適合生食或供烹調，味美外尚可解熱利尿。台灣每年栽培面積近2 萬公頃，產值約47 億元，為重要的作物之一。栽培品種多樣化，大多為產量高、品質優、耐貯性及抗病性均佳的雜交一代品種，大略可區分為紅肉大瓜、紅肉小瓜、黃肉小瓜、橙肉西瓜、無子西瓜等。西瓜雖全年均可栽培，但應注意冬季寒流、春作寒流、濕冷、梅兩、颱風及雨季等氣候問題。健康管理從育苗開始，種子消毒及浸種後，即可催芽，催芽溫度以20~30oC 變溫處理為宜。西瓜種子具嫌光性，發芽期間應避免照光，催芽後以穴盤育苗，幼苗較健壯。栽培園地應注意連作引起的病害，每公頃肥料推薦量為氮素180-240公斤，磷酐120-240 公斤，氧化鉀200-240 公斤，可依據土壤肥沃度及植株發育程度彈性施用。西瓜需水量大，尤其是結果初期如灌水不足，果實不易長大。西瓜的主要蟲害有棉蚜、黃守瓜、瓜實蠅、瓜潛蠅、南方薊馬等，病害則有病毒病、蔓割病、炭疽病、蔓枯病、疫病等，本文亦介紹防除法。
Watermelon is a good fruity vegetable for fresh or cooking. It will relieve summer heat and help urinating other than its delicious taste. There is about 20,000 hectares of production in Taiwan. It will produce 4.7 billion NT dollars every year and is one of the most important crops island-wide. There are many F1 hybrids with the character of high yield, good quality, storage tolerance and disease resistance. Generally, they can be divided to big red, small red, small yellow, orange and seedless according to the size of fruit and its flesh. Watermelon can be grown all year around but need to be cautious during winter and early spring to avoid cold damage and to protect them from damages caused by monsoon and typhoon. To conduct health management for cultivation, seeds should be sterilized first and incubated for sprouting at fluctuating temperatures between 20-30 degree Celsius. While germinating, seeds should avoid to expose lighting. For field production, it is recommended that 180-240 kg of nitrogen,
120-240 kg of phosphate and 200-240 kg of potassium chloride are applied per hectare. Of course, this can be varied due to soil fertility and other conditions available. This crop needs a lot of water to grow, especially at the beginning of setting fruit. The size of fruit can be small if irrigation is not appropriate. Pests such as aphid, fruit fly, thrip etc and diseases such as virus, Fusarium wilt, anthracnose, blight etc. which will damage crops if they occur during its growing season. Control measures will be discussed in this article. | en_US |
