茄科果菜之蟲害管理

Abstract

果菜害蟲各有不同的生物特性與經濟重要性，應該要依據害蟲的種類，採取合適的防治策略。應用檢疫措施，防堵及消滅檢疫害蟲，並且利用全國性的偵測系統，監測是否有外來害蟲入侵。西方花薊馬(Frankliniella occidentalis)與刺足根蟎(Rhizoglyphus echinopus)能危害許多作物，包括茄科作物在內，是破壞性極大的檢疫害蟲。雖然沒有在臺灣立足，但是有多次被檢出的檢疫記錄，表示這些害蟲對本地農作物具有很大的潛在威脅。已存在本地的害蟲，如瓜實蠅(Bactrocera cucurbitae)，銀葉粉蝨(Bemisia argentifolii)，以及一些夜蛾科(Noctuidae)的害蟲，寄主作物種類眾多，並有高的活動能力，能在不同的寄主作物之間遷移，因而具有很大的分布空間。對這些害蟲，宜先採行區域性的防治方法，降低區內的蟲口數量。小面積內的害蟲防治，應該採取最具效果的綜合防治法。在作法上優先考慮非農藥的防治技術，合理的使用農藥為輔。蟲害管理的目標並不是要將害蟲完全消滅，而是將害蟲的數量控制在不會造成經濟損失的程度。 As insect pests differ in their biological features and economic status, the control tactics should be varied with pest species. Quarantine pests should be intercepted and eradicated with quarantine treatments, and monitored through nation-wide detection systems to determine if there is any invasion of exotic pest. Quarntine pests, western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus echinopus, are severe pests of various crops, including vegetables in Solanaceae. Although they have not become established in Taiwan, sporadic introduction present potential threat to native crops. The mobile polyphagous insects, such as melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii, and some noctuids, distribute among various host plants over a wide area. Wide-area control is a useful tactic for maintaining these native pests at acceptable levels. Integrated pest management is an effective approach for controlling insect pests in small farms. The use of non-pesticide tactics should be prior to chemical applications. The goal of a management program is not to eliminate all pests but to reduce pest populations to tolerable levels of economic damages.