植物萃取液對植物病原菌之抑制及棉蚜之忌避

Abstract

以83 種中草藥植物中萃取液評估對真菌類病原孢子發芽抑菌率效果發現，有2 種植物之水萃取液與4 種植物酒精萃取液對土壤鐮胞病菌孢子(Fusarium proliferatum)完全抑制發芽。2 種植物之水萃取液與13 種植物酒精萃取液亦完全抑制炭疽病病菌孢子(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)發芽。對百合灰黴病菌孢子(Botrytis elliptica)與十字花科黑斑病菌孢子(Alternaria brasica)發芽有完全抑制效果者，分別有2 種與4 種植物酒精萃取液。在檢測多數狀況下發現，植物酒精萃取液通常比水取液效果佳，但狗肝菜(Dichiptera chinensis)之水 取液對土壤鐮胞病菌孢子與百合灰黴病菌孢子抑制效果比酒精萃取液好。A 及B 配方之酒精萃取液，係分別由九種及十種中草藥之種子所組成，對5 種真菌病原孢子有抑制作用，它對茄科青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)、火鶴花細菌性葉枯病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae)、茄科細菌性斑點病菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria)及軟腐病菌(Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora)等4 種細菌病原亦有抑制生長的作用。至於對棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)忌避效果調查結果，僅發現有顯著忌避效果者為薑及茴香等之水萃取液。 Extracts from a total of 83 species of medicinal plants were assayed for their effects on spore germination of fungal plant pathogens. Spore germination of Fusarium proliferatum was completely inhibited by aqueous extracts of 2 plant species and alcohol extracts of 4 plant species. Aqueous extracts of 2 plant species and alcohol extracts of 13 plant species also completely inhibited spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Spore germination of Botrytis elliptica and Alternaria brasica were completely suppressed by extracts from 2 and 4 plant species, respectively. In most case, alcohol was more effective in extracting inhibitory substances from plant tissues than water. However, for Dicliptera chinesis, aqueous extract was more inhibiting to spore germination of Fusarium proliferatum and Botrytis elliptica than alcohol extract. Formulas A and B which were combination of 9 and 10 plant species, respectively, were also included in the tests. Alcohol extracts of both formulas were inhibitory to all the five species of fungal pathogen tested. They were also inhibitory to the growth of the following plant pathogenic bacteria: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, X. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae , Ralstonia solanacearum, and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. Aqueous extracts of 7 plant species showed different degree of the repelling effects on aphis, Aphis gossypil .The repelling effects of extracts from Zingiber officinale and Foeniculum vulgare were strongly among these.