茄科蔬菜之土壤、水分及營養管理

Abstract

本文僅對番椒、番茄、茄子三種茄科蔬菜之土壤、水分及營養管理加以討論，此三種蔬菜自開花後營養生長與生殖生長同時進行，需維持適宜根系生長之土壤水分及肥力狀態，以持續養分吸收，滿足枝葉及花果生長所需。相關文獻中所載之氮、磷、鉀施肥量及方法並不一致，此應與品種及作物生長環境及結果期長短有關。高溫環境下氮、鉀、鈣等營養元素之調節亦甚重要。為避免長期施肥不當，形成鹽分累積，導致鹽害及養分失衡等生育障礙問題，應用土壤診斷技術瞭解土壤性質及肥力狀態，有利安排適當的土壤及施肥管理措施。 The management of soil, water and nutrition of tomatoes, peppers and eggplants is discussed in this paper. After flowering both of the vegetative growth and the reproductive growth are proceeding simultaneous. Consequently, it is needed to maintain optimum soil moisture content and fertility level for root growth, and to sustain the demand for stems, leaves and fruits growth. The Recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were different among some reports, because of the varieties, cultivation environment and growth duration were different among those reports. However, it is very important for modifying nitrogen, potassium and calcium nutrition in high temperature environment. Excessive soluble salts in soil solution hinder crop growth, application of soil test monitoring soil properties and available nutrient content is a good guide for fertilization and soil conservation.