矮性薏苡育種研究

Abstract

為育成矮性適合機械收穫且大粒高產之薏苡品種，本試驗以103 年選拔之矮性品系及其雜交F2 後裔進行栽培試驗，調查株高、最低穗位高、分蘗數、粒重、生育期等表現情形。矮性品系雜交組合後裔於春作及秋作各選拔150 個矮性、大粒之優良單株繼續進行下一年度之選拔。而矮性薏苡品系春作試驗顯示TCS9903 及TCS9904 兩品系之株高、最低穗位高皆明顯較對照品種台中3 號低矮，在百粒重的表現上，TCS9903、TCS9904 兩品系之百粒重皆明顯較對照品種高。秋作試驗顯示各矮性品系及其他參試品種之株高無顯著差異，皆在120 cm 內，另TCS9903 及TCS9904 兩品系之百粒重於秋作亦明顯較其他品種高。在早熟品種春作栽培試驗顯示黑石在來、宮城在來、愛媛、鳩光、鳩次郎及鳩娘等6 品種之生育日數在120 日內，而秋作栽培試驗僅鳩娘之生育日數在120 日內。 In order to develop dwarf, suitable for harvest, and large seed variety of job's tears, dwarf job's tears lines and progeny of cross combinations of these dwarf job’s tears lines selected in 2014 were planted and investigated by plant height, 100-seeds weight, yields, growth duration, seed shattering, etc. The results showed that plant height and lowest spikelet position of TCS9903 and TCS9904 are shorter than check variety Taichung No.3 in spring crop season. 100 seeds weight of TCS9903 and TCS9904 are heavier than check variety. In fall crop season, there is no difference between dwarf job's tears lines and check variety in plant height and plant height of all variety are all below 120 cm. The 100-seeds weight of TCS9903 and TCS9904 are heavier than other varieties in fall crop season, too. Finally, the experiment of early maturity varieties showed that growth duration of 6 early maturity varieties (Kuroishi zairai, Miyagi zairai, Ehime zairai, Hatohikari, Hatojarou and Hatomusume) are below 120 days in spring crop season, and only Hatomusume is below 120 days in fall crop season.