叢枝菌根菌在作物生長效益之回顧

Abstract

叢枝菌根菌在過去有益於作物生長的報告發表甚多，但在田間應用上卻不一定能發揮效果，本篇論文整理了植物的種類與品種、叢枝菌根菌的種類以及土壤磷含量對叢枝菌根菌在作物生長效益之影響，探討影響叢枝菌根菌在作物生長效益之因子，期能使作物在生產上得到叢枝菌根菌最大的助益。由前人研究中可知，栽培種作物對叢枝菌根菌的依賴度低於野生種作物；陸生品系與野生品系對叢枝菌根菌的依賴度比高產量的品系高，現代栽培品系比原始品系對叢枝菌根菌的依賴度低；不同叢枝菌根菌種類與品系對作物的生長效益亦受到作物種類與品種之影響；在低磷含量的栽培介質中，叢枝菌根菌可促進作物生長，磷含量越高，作物對叢枝菌根菌的依賴度降低。現代育種模式所選育出的品種或品系大多對叢枝菌根菌依賴度低，無法充分利用叢枝菌根菌的優勢，未來應在低養分與逆境下進行品種 與品系的選育，才能選出與叢枝菌根菌親合性高的作物，使叢枝菌根菌在作物的生長效益達到最大。 In the past few decades, there were numerous publications related to the inoculation effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the plant growth; however, the report from field trials seemed not consistent. In this review, three key factors influencing mycorrhizal dependency (MD) to the crops were discussed, i.e. plant species and crop cultivars, various arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolates, and soil P levels. Through previous publications, the MD of most cultivated crops was lower than wild species. The MD of terrestrial lines and wild cultivars was higher than those with high yield phenotypes. The MD of latest breeding lines was lower than original parent lines. The difference in the isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could result in different inoculation effect. The difference of crop cultivars may show different growth response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as well. Most the successful inoculation effect came out of the cultivation medium or soil with low P level. The higher P level in the medium, the MD of crop decreased. In the modern breeding system, most of the breeding lines are selected from the fields with chemical fertilizers and these cultivars show low MD trait. In order to promote the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, we suggest to select new cultivars under the field background with low nutrient and environment stress.