| dc.description.abstract | 20年來臺灣農業呈現衰退，而果樹業則不斷成長，如今已躍居農作物中的領導地位，為此發展農業提高農民所得，果樹業成為重要的一項環結。面對複雜的多元社會演進，探討果樹產業的發展，必須以整合觀念來促進它的發展，配合經濟發展與市場導向不斷往量、質與多樣化方向發展。
臺灣果樹的生產，目前在品種方面已有50科200品系以上，且不斷在改良培育與引進新的品種。在生產面積：78年為219,230公頃，其中以柑桔、甜瓜、芒果、荔枝、龍眼及香蕉為最多。在生產數量：78年為2,788,327公噸，生產較多為柑桔、鳳梨、香蕉、甜瓜等。在生產科技：除品種改良與引進外，對於產期調節與產區擴張都有很好的績效，這些成果除科技人員的努力外，交通與情報發達也是很重要的地位。
臺灣的果品消費，在78年每人每年可供消費推估量為108.4公斤，較之日本每家庭果品消費量的138公斤高出甚多，所以果品在消費量的未來發展空間不大，而在消費中柑桔類與甜瓜類為消費的主流。在進口消費方面：78年進口量為178,192公噸，其消費單價推估高出自產單價的60%，顯見進口果品品質較佳，今後臺灣經濟的國際化與自由化必將會有很大的衝擊。在出口方面：78年為20,759公噸，其中以香蕉為最多，約為香蕉產量的一半，其他柑桔、鳳梨、芒果、荔枝、無子西瓜等為量甚少，均在各果品產量的5％以下。臺灣果品的運銷，依隨消費的市場導向不斷提高服務品質，而使運銷過程的階段複雜化，各國中間者依其服務尋求報酬，而使中間費用擴張。為此，政府透過農民團體辦理共同運銷或直接，期以減少中間費用，以增進農民收益，至78年共同運銷量只佔總產量的33%，直銷更是微少，其原因有農民團體經營能力不足，無法有效替代中間者的服務，批發市場無法全面發揮功能，以及果品的特性需要特殊運銷管道所致。另外農民至今無法根除詐底陋習也是運銷無法有效改進的重要因素，政府無法提供有效的銷售與生產的資訊給農民也有很大的影響。
對於未來臺灣果樹產業的發展，有些前提供請參考，1.發展空間需要明確：量與質的發展與其環境因素甚為相關，這些相關係統若不明確則果樹產業的發展亦難以明確。2.生產條件需要整合：果樹產業的經營也應現代化，從產、運、銷的整合到社會與經濟的整合，這些都有待建立產業經營的事業觀。3.運銷制度需要健全：把市場的真正供需反應在價格上，不管是農民團體或中間適應各依其服務程度尋求報酬，使整個果品運銷有一合理健全制度，而使生產者與消費者各蒙其利。
While the growth rate of Taiwan agriculture has declined over the past 20 years, the fruit industry has continued to develop. Playing a leading role among crops, the Taiwan fruit industry has helped farmers increase their farm income. However, faced with new challenges resulting from social and economic changes, on quality improvement and product diversification.
The fruits that are currently grown in Taiwan cover 50 genera and 200 species. And new varieties continue to be developed by local researchers or introduced from abroad. In 1989, the total fruit acreage was 219,230 ha and the total production was 2,788,327 m.t. Oranges, mangos, bananas, lichees, longans and melons are the important ones. Over the years, achievements have been made on the adjustments of harvest seasons and acreage expansion, thanks to the efforts of the research people and newly developed market information systems.
In 1989, per capita fruit availability was 108.4 kg, much higher than the 138 kg per family consumption in Japan. So there seems to be little room for increase in the future.
Fruit imports in 1989 amounted to 178,192 M.T. The prices of imported fruits were 60% higher than that of local fruits, mainly due to quality difference. During the same year, Taiwan exported 20,759 M.T. of fruits. About one-half of Taiwan’s bananas and 5% of oranges, pineapples, mangos, lichees and seedless water melons were exported.
Fruit marketing in Taiwan has undergone considerable changes in response to the changes in consumer demand. As consumers asked for more service and better quality, marketing costs have increased. In a bid to reduce the cost, the Chinese government has encourage farmers¡¦ organizations to conduct cooperative marketing and direct sales. In 1989, about 33% of the total fruit output was sold through cooperative marketing. The amount handled through direct sales was negligible. The factors which have hindered the development of cooperative marketing are I) special quality characteristics of fruits, 2) inefficient operation of the wholesale markets, 3) lack of management capability in most farmers’ organizations, 4) farmers¡¦ inertia in giving up traditional methods to handle fruits, 5) insuffivient market information.
As to the future development of Taiwan fruit industry, I would like to offer the following suggestions for reference. 1) We must have a clear picture about our future development. We need also to understand that quality and quantity development is closely related to their social and natural environments. 2) Integrated approach is needed in dealing with fruit production, shippment and marketing. Cooperative management and operations must be modernized and market-oriented. 3) The marketing system of fruits must be strengthened in such a way that no middle-men will receive unreasonable profits, no matter they are farmers¡¦ organizations or private merchants. 4) Let price reflect the demand and supply. A marketing system so organized will be beneficial to both fruit producers and consumers. | en_US |
