落葉果樹芽體休眠與生產設計

Abstract

在台灣栽培落葉果樹與溫帶傳統的栽培方式有極大差異，冬季相對高溫對打破芽體休眠而言，是一種逆境，但是也提供了某些品系如橫山梨、巨峰葡萄產期調節的潛力“若再加上台灣多變化的地形，則作物的生理時鐘，將可利用「時空轉換」的方式，任由研究人員加以調整，如此將可使落葉果樹逃避逆境，提高品質，調節產期。品系、時間、空間、技術的慎密組合設計，是台灣落葉果樹研究與獨特生產模式的重要途徑。 Taiwan, an subtropical island with high mountains, has variable geographic and climatic condition, thus offers a good enviroment to study the regulation of growth of deciduous fruits. Many special cropping systems had been developped by local growers in the past 30 years, including top-work of chilling-satisfied flower buds of Japanese pear on the virgrous shoots of lower chilling-required cultivars (Heng San etc) at the lower land, and the cultivation of off-season fruit of Heng San pear. It is possible to harvest the fresh pear monthly by a serious production design. The combinations of cultivars (variable chilling requirement), site of orchard (variable altitude) and cropping system (regular and off-season), may create more opportunity to satisfy the demand of consumers on this island. The dwarfing and forcing of flower bud development of “Nijuseki” pear on the regular root stock “ Old Home × Farmingdale” had been induced by dormant stress (without chilling at first winter). The balance of plant hormones of scion rather than root stock may cause the dwarfing effect.