果樹抗病育種

Abstract

抗病育種的工作涵蓋了作物基因型／環境／病原族群相互間的交感作用；育種學家需能了解種原的抗病性，病原的致病性和環境的影響，有效地去鑑定抗病的來源以及導入抗病因子，增強作物的抗病性。果樹的抗病育種乃是經由遺傳控制植物的疾病(hereditary control to manipulate plant disease)。假若植物體群缺乏抗病因子(botanical relatives apparently no governing disease resistance)，經由育種而達成遺傳控制是不太可能。果樹抗病育種因受限於抗病種原取得、抗病的鑑定、病原族群的了解，果樹的幼年性，環境對致病性及抗病性的影響，以及營養體系育種策略，故成效不彰。 Breeding for resistance to pathogen in fruit is to manage host genotypes / environment pathogen interaction. Thus any knowledge for breeders gained to reduce losses must affect population / environmental interaction over time to favor yield and inhibit disease development or effects of disease. Fruit breeding for disease resistance is thru hereditary control to manipulate plant disease. Thus botanical relatives apparently no gene governing disease resistance, it is not possible to manage disease via hereditary control. Attempts were made as follows (1)to manage the interaction of host / pathogen / environment, (2) dynanmics of pathogen population, (3) strategies to manage fruit tree breeding population, (4)limitations for fruit breding. Plant breeders should utilize the best approaches and methods for selection to ensure the maximum levels and durability of disease resistance.