耐低溫大豆品種選育及低投入設施栽培技術改進

Abstract

因應氣候變遷進行耐逆境種源收集評估及選育能適應惡劣環境及需肥性低且抗病蟲害的大豆新品種。並建立高密度、低投施之省工栽培技術，降低大豆生產成本，以穩定農民收益。本計畫雜交育種與引種同步進行，103 年育成大豆新品種臺南10 號，具有臍色黃色、高產、蛋白質含量高、耐白粉病等優良特性，適合豆類加工及製作味噌。並從世界蔬菜中心種原庫篩選15 個品種及國外引進Stuart 等6 個品種， IITA(International Institute of Tropical Agriculture)進行49 個品系之引種評估，選育20 個品系晉級。秋作黑豆臺南3 號密度以60 公分*7.5 公分或撒播開溝較為理想。試驗耐低溫適合早春或秋裡作品種選育，早春以C103-2 每公頃3,810表現較佳。 In order to adapt to the impacts of climate change, we collected the soybean varieties and developed the varieties that are stress tolerant and disease resistant and require low fertilizer cost. We also established labor-saving cultivation methods that can achieve high planting density, decrease costs and maintain the benefit for farmers. In this project, we cross bred and introduced soybean varieties at the same time. Soybean Tainan #10, released in 2014, has yellow skin and cotyledons, high yield, high protein content, and resists powdery mildew, which is ideal for the making of soybean milk and tofu. We selected 15 varieties from AVGRIS (AVRDC Vegetable Genetic Resources Information System) and introduced 49 varieties from IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture) and 6 varieties from other countries. In the inspective trial, 20 promising strains with good performance were selected. Autumn crops of black soybean can be cultivated by creating a spacing of 60cm*7.5cm or broadcasting and ploughing furrow. In the line yield trial, C103-2 had higher yields (3,810 kg/ha) in the early spring crop.