毛豆品種改良

Abstract

本計畫目的育成大莢豐產、莢色綠、食味品質佳、適合機械採收之毛豆品種，供加工冷凍及生鮮冷藏外銷用，以提昇台灣毛豆產品在國際市場的競爭力。毛豆「高雄12 號」於11 月27 日國內大豆品種權20 年審核通過，並且將「高雄8 號、高雄9 號、高雄11 號」等3 品種非專屬授權予產業界利用計8 件。103 年度 (1) 計雜交8 個組合成功，共獲得F1 種子796 粒，並於103 年秋裡作培育其F1 世代。(2) 102 年秋裡作培育F1–F6 世代計有43 個組合，並在F5–F6 世代11 個組合中選出1,228 單株。103 年春作在F5–F6 世代14 個組合中選出1,582 單株。(3)株行試驗採分季選拔，春、秋兩作各選出120 及100 個品系。(4) 第一年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香40 個品系及芋香20 個品系。第二年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香15 個品系及芋香12 個品系。第三年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香及芋香各4 個品系。（5）新品系區域試驗，高屏兩個地區試驗結果，豆香品系以KVS2736品系表現最佳，其102 年秋作之公頃合格莢產量14,334 公斤，與對照品種高雄9 號相近；103年春作公頃合格莢產量15,152 公斤，較高雄9 號增產43.6%。芋香品系以KVA192 品系表現最佳，102 年秋作及103 年春作之公頃合格莢產量為12,853 及11,075 公斤，較對照品種高雄11 號分別增產27.7%及15.6%。 The purposes of vegetable soybean cross breeding are to develop new varieties with large pod, high yield, good quality, resistance to stress and mechanical harvesting that were suitable for export as frozen or fresh pod process in Taiwan. “Kaohsiung 12” variety had granted Taiwanese variety rights on Nov. 27, 2014, and had 3 varieties were granted license to processors. The experimental results were summarized as follow during the fall crop of 2013 to the spring crop of 2014: 1) A total of 796 F1 hybrid seeds were obtained from 8 cross combinations, and were propagated F1 generation. 2) In the propagation and selection trials, SPD method was applied to propagating F2-F6 segregative generations, also 1,364 and 1,582 superior single plants of F5-F6 generations were selected in the fall crop of 2013 and the spring crop of 2014, respectively. 3) In the plant-to-row trial, 120 and 100 fixed lines were selected to depend on their performance in the fall crop of 2013 and the spring crop of 2014, respectively. 4) In the first year lines trial, 60 and 20 fixed lines of non-aroma and aroma were selected to depend on their performance among 270 tested lines. In the second year lines trial, 15 and 12 fixed lines of non-aroma and aroma were selected to depend on their performance among 49 tested lines. In the third year lines trial, 4 and 4 fixed lines of non-aroma and aroma were selected to depend on their performance among 24 tested lines. 5) In the regional trials at Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas, KVS2736 lines of non-aroma group was the same graded pod yields as that check variety, Kaohsiung 9 in the fall crop of 2013, and had higher graded pod yields by 43.6% than check variety, Kaohsiung 9 in the spring crop of 2014, respectively. KVA192 lines of aroma group had higher graded pod yields by 27.7% and 15.6% than check variety, Kaohsiung 11 in the fall crop of 2013 and the spring crop of 2014, respectively.