毛豆品種改良

Abstract

本計畫目的育成大莢豐產、莢色綠、食味品質佳、適合機械採收之品種，供加工冷凍及生鮮冷藏外銷用，以提昇台灣毛豆產品在國際市場的競爭力。毛豆「高雄9 號」品種於2 月12日取得日本大豆品種權25 年登錄，並且授權產業界利用，收取境外專屬授權金302 萬5 千元，另外「高雄11 號-香蜜」於3 月13 日取得國內大豆品種權20 年登錄。本年度 (1) 計雜交8個組合成功，共獲得F1 種子498 粒，並於102 年秋裡作培育其F1 世代。(2) 101 年秋裡作培育F2–F6 世代計有42 個組合，並在F5–F6 世代11 個組合中選出1,228 單株。102 年春作在F5–F6世代11 個組合中選出937 單株。(3) 株行試驗採分季選拔，春、秋兩作各選出120 及100 個品系。(4) 第一年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香34 個品系及芋香15 個品系。第二年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香12 個品系及芋香12 個品系。第三年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出一般豆香4 個品系及芋香6 個品系。(5) 新品系區域試驗，高屏兩個地區試驗結果，豆香品系以KVS2736 品系表現最佳，101 年秋作及102 年春作之公頃合格莢產量為14,116 及15,687 公斤，較對照種高雄9 號分別增產33.1%及46.7%。芋香品系以KVA198 品系表現最佳，其101 年秋作之公頃合格莢產量10,838 公斤，與對照種高雄11 號相近；102 年春作公頃合格莢產量10,056 公斤，較對照種高雄11 號增產14.2%。 The purpose of vegetable soybean cross breeding is to develop new varieties with large pod, high yield, good quality and high pod site that were suitable for export as frozen or fresh pod process and could adapt the stress in Taiwan. “Kaohsiung 9” and “Kaohsiung 11” varieties had granted Japanese and Taiwanese variety rights on Feb. 12 and Mar. 13, 2013, respectively. “Kaohsiung 9”variety were granted license to processors. The experimental results were summarized as follow during the fall crop of 2012 to the spring crop of 2013: 1) A total of 498 F1 hybrid seeds were obtained from 8 cross combinations, and were propagated F1 generation in 2013. 2) In the propagation and selection trials, SPD method was applied to propagating F2-F6 segregative generations, also 1,228 and 937 superior single plants of F5-F6 generations were selected in the fall crop of 2012 and the spring crop of 2013, respectively. 3) In the plant-to-row trial, 120 and 100 fixed lines were selected to depend on their performance in the fall crop of 2012 and the spring crop of 2013, respectively. 4) In the first year lines trial, 34 and 15 fixed lines of non-aroma and aroma were selected to depend on their performance among 210 tested lines. In the second year lines trial, 12 and 12 fixed lines of non-aroma and aroma were selected to depend on their performance among 60 tested lines. In the third year lines trial, 4 and 6 fixed lines of non-aroma and aroma were selected to depend on their performance among 32 tested lines. 5) In the regional trials at Kaohsiung and Pingtung areas, KVS2736 lines of non-aroma group had higher graded pod yields by 33.1% and 46.7% than check variety, Kaohsiung 9 in the fall crop of 2012 and the spring crop of 2013, respectively. KVA198 lines of aroma group was the same graded pod yields as that check variety, Kaohsiung 11 in the fall crop of 2012, and had higher graded pod yields by 14.2% than check variety, Kaohsiung 11 in the spring crop of 2013, respectively.