優質落花生品種選育

Abstract

本試驗之目的係以人工雜交育種方法，期育成大粒、甜度高、紫黑色種皮及抗莢果黑斑病 之新品種，提高落花生之產量與食用品質，並降低生產成本。 1. 人工雜交：依抗莢果黑斑病、深紫色種皮等加工食用育種目標進行14 個雜交組合。 2. 雜交後裔之培育：歷年雜交所得之F1、F3 及F4 世代後裔共21 個組合，皆採用混合法進行培育及選拔優良單株。 3. 品系產量比較試驗：春作中級比較試驗18 個品系中有2008S-PB-18 等3 個品系莢果產量顯著優於對照品種台農7 號且與台南14 號無顯著差異。高級18 個品系中有2006F-FB-07等6 個品系優於兩對照品種；秋作中級比較試驗18 個品系有17 個品系與兩對照品種無顯著差異，高級比較試驗18 個品系中有2004S-BG-06 共1 個品系較兩對照種莢果與籽粒產量顯著增產。 The mainly goal of the peanut improvement project is to obtain new peanut varieties with good qualities, pod rot disease-resistance, high sugur contain, large pod and seed size. Hybridization was used for incorporating good characteristics from the parents. A total 500 hybrid seeds were derived from 14 cross combinations in the 2011 season. The bulk method was applied for propagating the hybrid progenies in F1 - F5 generations. Single plant selection was made in the F5 generation. In the plant-to-row trial, new elite lines were selected in the spring crop season and the fall crop season of 2011. The above lines outyielded the check, Tainan No. 14. In the intermediate yield trial (IYT), five new promising strains (2003F-BB-01) in the 2011 spring crop season outyielded the check, Tainan No. 14, in pod yield and in seed yield. The above strains possessed a large pod and kernel size. Seven new elite lines from IYT had higher in the pod yield than the check, Tainan No. 14 in the fall crop season of 2011. In the advanced yield trial (AYT), there were two superior lines with a large pod and seed size selected in the 2011 spring crop season, outyielded the check, Tainan No. 14.