毛豆品種改良

Abstract

本計畫目的育成大莢豐產、莢色綠、食味品質佳、適合機械採收之品種，供加工冷凍及生鮮冷藏外銷用，以提昇台灣毛豆產品在國際市場的競爭力。毛豆「高雄10 號」品種已於9 月14 日取得日本品種權25 年及「高雄11 號-香蜜」申請國內品種權已於11 月22 日審議通過，並將高雄7 號及高雄9 號品種境內非專屬授權給加工業應用計有8 件。本年度(1)計雜交8 個組合成功，共獲得F1 種子318 粒，並於101 年秋裡作培育其F1 世代。(2)100 年秋裡作培育F2～F6 世代計有42 個組合，並在F5～F6 世代12 個組合中選出831 單株。101 年春作在F5～F6世代12 個組合中選出825 單株。(3)株行試驗採分季選拔，春、秋兩作各選出100 及106 個品系。(4)第一年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出豆香毛豆40 個品系及芋香毛豆20 個品系。第二年品系試驗，春、秋兩作綜合評估選出豆香毛豆20 個品系及芋香毛豆12 個品系。第三年品系試驗綜合評估選出2~3 個品系參加新品系區域試驗。(5)新品系區域試驗：高屏兩個地區100 年秋裡作之公頃合格莢產量以TS96-14V 品系之11,263 公斤及KVS1514 品系之10,575 公斤較高，較對照種高雄9 號分別增產34.3%及26.1%。百莢重以TS96-14V 品系之352 公克最高，較高雄9 號增加40 公克。101 年春作之公頃合格莢產量以KVS1514 品系之14,730 公斤最高，較對照種高雄9 號增產28.0%。百莢重以TS96-14V 品系之378 公克及TS97-08V 品系之370 公克較高，與高雄9 號相近。 The purpose of vegetable soybean cross breeding is to develop new varieties with large pod, high yield, good quality and high pod site that were suitable for export as frozen or fresh pod process and could adapt the stress in Taiwan. “Kaohsiung 7” and “Kaohsiung 9” varieties were granted license to processors. The experimental results were summarized as follow during the fall crop of 2011 to the spring crop of 2012: 1) A total of 318 F1 hybrid seeds were obtained from 8 cross combinations, and were propagated F1 generation in 2012. 2) In the propagation and selection trials, SPD method was applied to propagating F2-F6 segregative generations, also 831 and 825 superior single plants of F5-F6 generations were selected in the fall crop of 2011 and the spring crop of 2012, respectively. 3) In the plant-to-row trial, 106 and 100 fixed lines were selected to depend on their performance in the fall crop of 2011 and the spring crop of 2012, respectively. 4) In the first year lines trial, 40 and 20 fixed lines of non-aroma and aroma were selected to depend on their performance among 260 tested lines. In the second year lines trial, 20 and 12 fixed lines of non-aroma and aroma were selected to depend on their performance among 60 tested lines. In the third year lines trial, 3-5 superior lines were selected for the next regional trail. 5) In the second year lines regional trail, 10 lines were conducted at Kaohsiung and Pingtung two locations. In the fall crop of 2011, TS96-14V and KVS1514 lines had higher graded pod yields which were 34.3% and 26.1% higher than check variety, Kaohsiung 9. TS96-14V line had larger 100-pod weights, which was increased 40 g than check variety, Kaohsiung 9. In the spring crop of 2012, KVS1514 lines had higher graded pod yields which was 28.0% higher than check variety, Kaohsiung 9. TS96-14V and TS97-08V lines had larger 100-pod weights, which were the same as check variety, Kaohsiung 9.