建立飼料玉米種子籌供體系

Abstract

為探討玉米台南24 號及台農1 號之種子生產適期，由101 年春作及秋作於屏東麟洛及臺中新社地區進行栽培，調查不同栽植株距對其親本生育及雜交種子生產的影響。就雜交玉米新品種台南24 號及栽培種台農1 號，進行春、秋兩季栽培，並以不同栽植株距，調查對環境適應性、生育特性及產量之影響，以作為未來量產模式之參考。 調查結果：台南24 號親本花期配合間隔 (ASI)，父本開花期較母本吐絲期約晚3.5 天–5.9天；果穗結實粒數為粒552–591 粒；而果穗結實率則介於85.6%–92.7%；台農1 號親本花期配合間隔 (ASI)，父本開花期較母本吐絲期約晚0.4 天–4.7 天；果穗結實粒數為粒299–309 粒；而果穗結實率則介於82.7%–94.7%,玉米台南24 號以栽植株距25 公分之結實率最高，台農1號以栽植株距15 公分之結實率最高。台中地區春作玉米台南24 號及台農1 號春作皆以栽植株距15 公分之結實率最高。台中地區秋作依數據分析，台南24 號親本花期配合間隔 (ASI)，父本開花期較母本吐絲期約晚3.8 天–5.1 天；台農1 號親本花期配合間隔 (ASI)，父本開花期較母本吐絲期約晚1.4 天–3.8 天。 101 年春作計觀察12 個飼料玉米品種，觀察結果以台南24 號及103 對銹病抗性最佳，葉枯病則各品種罹病情形相近。台農1 號、2#及台南20 號最早熟，104 最晚熟。單株產量以104、933 及008 最高，台農1 號最低。 To explore the appropriate planting date of the hybrid corn Tainan No. 24 and Tainung No. 1, the two varieties are cultivated in Taitung and Taichung in the spring and autumn of 2012. And the effects of different space in rows on growth of the parental lines and hybrid seed production are investigated. For establishing the mass production model, a survey of the treatment effects on environmental adaptation, growth characters, and production of the two varieties is conducted. Results: In the case of anthesis-silking interval (ASI) of hybrid corn Tainan No. 24, the flowering date of the paternal line is about 3.5–5.9 days later then the silking date of the maternal line. The number of kernels per ear of the variety is 552–591, and the kernel fertility is 85.6–92.7%. In the case of ASI of hybrid corn Tainung No. 1, the flowering date of the paternal line is about 0.4–4.7 days later then the silking date of the maternal line. The number of kernels per ear of the variety is 299–309, and the kernel fertility is 82.7–94.7%. The kernel setting rate of Tainan No. 24 is highest while its space in rows is 25 centimeters. For the variety Tainung no. 1, the kernel setting rate is highest while the space in rows is 15 centimeters. In Taichung, the kernel setting rates of the two varieties mentioned above are both highest while the space in rows is 25 centimeters in spring. According to the results from the experiment carried out in autumn, the ASI of hybrid corn Tainan No. 24 is about 3.8–5.1 days. In the case of Tainung No.1, the ASI is about 1.4–3.8 days. Twelve forage corn varieties are observed in the spring of 2012. The results indicate that Tainan No. 24 and 103 have the highest rust resistance, and the leaf blight resistance is similar among the varieties. Among the twelve varieties, Tainung No. 1, No.2, and Tainan No. 20 are the earliest maturing varieties while 104 is the latest one. In the performance of yield per plant, 104, 933, and 008 are the highest while Tainung No. 1 is the lowest.