因應乾旱危機提升國產糧食自給率之稻田耕作制度調整研究

Abstract

本試驗旨在探討不同耕作制度對土壤肥力、作物田間雜草及病蟲害發生，以及作物產量與收益之影響。各耕作制度分為：A.水稻─水稻－蕎麥(對照)、B.水稻—綠肥田菁-硬質玉米、C.硬質玉米─綠肥田菁─大豆、D.青割玉米-甘藷、E.大豆-綠肥田菁－硬質玉米、F.大豆─甘藷等六種處理。試驗結果，春作以處理F 之大豆田區雜草公頃鮮株重500 公斤最高，春作大豆發生紫斑病3.2%。夏作田菁發生斜紋夜盜蟲，危害率0.2%。秋作硬質玉米發生葉斑病及銹病罹病率0.5 級，秋作甘藷猿葉蟲危害率5.8%。作物產值以春作水稻185,087 元/公頃最高。耕作模式全年淨收益以處理B:水稻—綠肥田菁-硬質玉米之公頃淨收益138,513 元最多。耕作模式田間節省灌溉水以處理E.大豆-綠肥田菁－硬質玉米灌溉水量最少，較處理A:水稻-水稻-蕎麥(對照)節省灌溉水效益75,600 元。耕作模式全年淨收益加節省灌溉水效益以處理D：青割玉米-甘藷之187,114 元最多，較處理A:水稻─水稻－蕎麥(CK)之121,708 元增加54%。 The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of rice and uplandcrop rotation systems on the soil property, fertility, the density ofweeds, disease, insect pest, and crop yield. Six crop rotation systemscontain:(A)Rice-Rice-buckwheat,(B)Rice-Sesbanias- Field corn,(C)Field corn - Sesbanias- Soybean,(D)Forage Corn- sweet potato, (E) soybean- Sesbanias Field corn, (F) soybean- sweet potato .The results are summarized as follow:The heaviest weight of weeds was 500kg/ha of treatment F in the spring crop season.and disease incidence of purple speck on soybean was 3.2%,the damage by cutworm on sesbanis was 0.2%,in the summer crop season. Rust diseased 0.5 level, The damage by leaf beetle on sweet potato was 5.8%, in the fall crop season. The output vaule of rice in the spring crop season was the highest among all crops. The top annual net income was NT$138,513 by the treatment B, In the treatment E, the amount of irrigation water was least, It was 95% less than the treatment A, and saved producing cost NT$75,600 ,the effect of annual net income and amount of irrigation water was highest in the treatment D, which 54% more than than the treatment A.