優質落花生品種選育

Abstract

本試驗之目的係以人工雜交育種方法，期育成大粒、甜度高、紫黑色種皮及抗莢果黑斑病之新品種，提高落花生之產量與食用品質，並降低生產成本。 1. 人工雜交：依抗莢果黑斑病、深紫色種皮等加工食用育種目標進行14 個雜交組合。 2. 雜交後裔之培育：歷年雜交所得之F1～F5 世代後裔，皆採用混合法進行培育及選拔優良單株。 3. 第二年品系產量比較試驗：春作第一組18 個品系中有2000F-PF-01 等3 個品系，第二組18 個品系中有98S-PJ-01 等5 個品系；秋作第一組18 個品系中有2002F-BB-04 等10 個品系，第二組18 個品系中有2000S-PN-06 等2 個品系；較對照種台南14 號莢果與籽粒產量顯著增產且為大粒型品系。 4. 第三年品系產量比較試驗：春作18 個品系中有2003F-BB-08 等2 個品系較對照種台南14號莢果與籽粒產量顯著增產且為大粒型品系。秋作所有品系產量均與對照種台南14 號無顯著差異；品系千粒重，有98S-RA-06 等10 個品系較對照種台南14 號(761 g)顯著重。 5. 新品系區域試驗：春作以農育 60 號產量較優，且為大粒型，較對照種台南14 號大，秋作以南改系182 號產量較佳，粒型與對照種台南14 號相當。 The mainly goal of the peanut improvement project is to obtain new peanut varieties with pod rot disease-resistance, a large pod and seed size, and the best quality. Hybridization was used for incorporating good characteristics from the parents.A total 420 hybrid seeds were derived from 14 cross combinations in the 2010 season. The bulk method was applied for propagating the hybrid progenies in F1 - F5 generations. Single plant selection was made in the F5 generation. In the plant-to-row trial, new elite lines were selected in the spring crop season and the fall crop season of 2010. The above lines outyielded the check, Tainan No. 14. In the intermediate yield trial (IYT), three new promising strains(2000F-PF-01) in the 2010 spring crop season outyielded the check, Tainan No. 14, in pod yield and in seed yield. The above strains possessed a large pod and kernel size. Five new elite lines from IYT had higher in the pod yield than the check, Tainan No. 14 in the fall crop season of 2010. In the advanced yield trial (AYT), there were two superior lines with a large pod and seed size selected in the 2010 spring crop season, outyielded the check, Tainan No. 14.