落花生育種

Abstract

落花生育種為長期性試驗工作。本試驗利用雜交育種方法，以選育食味佳、豐產、大粒、耐病蟲害與適合機械化栽培的優良品種為目標。本年度(94 年秋作至95 年春作)工作包括：(1)進行人工雜交10 組合，共獲得雜交種子576 粒，(2)以混合法分別培育2003~2005 年間各期作的雜交後代，並於F5 世代依照育種目標及莢果數目、大小、與形狀選拔1,565 優良單株，(3)進行品系第一年試驗，試驗結果，株行試驗有165 品系晉級，二行試驗有46 品系晉級，(4)進行品系第二年試驗，試驗結果，94 年秋作本場試區有NS0270 等35 品系，元長試區有NS0333 等16 品系，95 年春作元長試區有NS0417 等33 品系乾莢果產量高於對照品種台南14號 (5)進行品系第三年試驗，94 年秋作第Ⅰ組在土庫試區試驗結果有NS0343 等8 品系，四湖試區僅有NS0320 品系之乾莢果產量較對照品種台南14 為高，第Ⅱ組在土庫試區試驗結果有NS0477 等5 品系，褒忠試區則只有NS0511 品系，乾莢果產量較對照品種台南14 號高。95年春作第Ⅰ組土庫試區乾莢果產量有NS0320 等9 品系較對照品種為高。四湖試區僅有NS0458品系較對照種為佳。第Ⅱ組試驗結果土庫試區有NS0475 等8 品系乾莢果產量較對照品種為優，褒忠試區有NS0477 等8 個品系，乾莢果產量較對照品種高。 Peanut breeding is a long-term experiment in Tainan District Agricultural Research & Extension Station (Tainan DARES). Our overall objective of peanut breeding program is to develop peanut cultivars that is profitable to producers, and acceptable to processors and consumers. Currently, specific breeding objective is the development of peanut cultivates with large seed mass, high yield and resistant to diseases. The results of this fiscal year's experiment were summarized as follows : 1). Ten crosses were made and 576 of F1 seeds were obtained. 2). Bulk method was used to handle the segregation generations of F2 - F5. 1,565 plants in F5 generation was selected on the basis of pod yield, pod size and pod shape. 3). There were 165 promising strains in plant-to-row trial and 46 promising strains in the first year yield trial. 4). In the intermediate yield trial in the fall crop season of 2005, Pod yield of 35 promising strains had significantly higher pod yield than the check, Tainan No. 14. In the spring crop season of 2006, 33 promising strains were selected . 5). Promising strains were evaluated in a series of trials conducted at the farm of Tainan DARES and/or Yunlin-Hsien. In the fall crop season of 2004, 8 promising strains included NS0343 at Tu-Ku site and one promising strain ,NS0320, at Su-Hu site were selected at classⅠtest. In class Ⅱ, Pod yield of 5 promising strains included NS0477 at Tu-Ku site and one promising strain , NS0511, in Bao-Zhong site had significantly higher pod yield than the check, Tainan No. 14 . In the spring crop season of 2006, 9 promising strains included NS0320 in Tu-Ku site and one promising strain, NS0458, in Su-Hu site were selected at classⅠtest. Eight promising strains included NS0475 at Tu-ku site and 8 promising strains in Bao-Zhong site were selected at class Ⅱ test.