休耕田綠肥品種選育

Abstract

為避免休耕農田雜草叢生及維護農田土壤地力，休耕農田土壤管理最簡易可行的措施為於休耕期間栽培綠肥作物。近幾年在政府政策性引導下，休耕面積逐年增加，九十四年計畫休耕面積更高達26 萬公頃，惟農民可選擇種植之綠肥種類十分有限，因此，如何增加休耕田綠肥推廣種原為政府推動休耕政策之重要課題 油菊為本場經90-93 年篩選試作並評估為可供休耕田栽培之景觀綠肥種原，其種原分布廣，本場引進之種原經試種觀察，田區含三種以上之株型，判斷為混雜集團，可進一步選種純化，尤其於區域試作期間發生番茄黃捲葉病毒，經觀察其不同株型之罹病情形不同，又不同株型之倒伏情形不同。本計畫主要目的為利用混合選種法，選育抗病及抗倒伏之景觀綠肥專用油菊新品種，以增加休耕田綠肥推廣種原。 台灣休耕田栽培綠肥多數以種植田菁及綠肥大豆為主，少數稀有之豆科植物，如皺果莢豆、單葉豆、鵝鑾鼻決明、蝶豆、恆春野百合等，植體養分高，花色多，自播性高，若能開發利用，可增加土壤地力及休耕田與果園之田園景觀及水土保持功能。本計畫將搜集豆科覆蓋作物，評估以選出適合台灣南部氣候之品種並建立種子繁殖體系，以推薦為休耕田綠肥栽培用。 1. The mass selection of Niger The aim of this experiment is to develop a new Niger variety which might be against lodging and resistant to disease. We conduct a mass selection as the breeding procedure and hope to gain a significant genetic improvement in the original species.The result in this year indicated that narraw、red stem and medium branching is the suitable plant type as anti-lodging and it is necessary to select idea plant according flowering date and plant type in order to gain a significant genetic improvement。 2. The collection and utilization of legume manures on mulching. Five legume nanures for mulching were used as experimental materials. The result showed that plant height, node number and stem length are 100% mulching the field after planting 4~5 months, the fresh weight of Crotalaria assamica Benth was 7.05kg/m2, was greater than the other Arachis glabrata Benth 5.8kg/m2, Dolichos tetragonolobus L. 5.6kg/m2, Canavalia lineate (Thunb.) DC.5.5/m2 and Arachis glabrata Benth 3.75kg/m2. After 8 months late, according the above results were suitable for long-term are Arachis glabrata Benth and Canavalia lineata (Thunb.) DC. best, it also recommended applied to ornamental for garden.