檢防疫重要性果實蠅(雙翅目:果實蠅科)診斷鑑定要領

Abstract

果實蠅科 (Tephritidae) 是雙翅目（Diptera）中⼀個很大的類群，已知有超過1000多屬5600 多種，廣泛分布於世界各地。果實蠅對於農業經濟的影響甚鉅，其幼蟲能直接危害植物體的莖、葉、花、果實及種子，尤其以危害植物果實所造成農業經濟的損失最大，其中較具經濟重要性的有Anastrepha、Bactrocera、Ceratitis、Dacus、Ragoletis 及Zeugodacus 等6 屬的果實蠅。果實蠅的幼蟲能夠隨著寄主的進出⼝⽽散布到新區域，成蟲⾶行能⼒強，⼀旦在新區域立足便會迅速擴散成為該地區新的經濟害蟲，所以各國均將果實蠅科的種類列為重要的檢疫防疫害蟲，加以嚴格的管制以遏止其散布，並防止農業產品受到威脅。果實蠅的種類繁多，雖然以外部形態特徵作為鑑定依據是最基本的方法，但有許多具經濟重要性的種類，雖然生活於不同地區，其外部形態特徵卻十分相近不容易區分，⼀旦入侵必定會造成嚴重的損失。本文簡介目前世界上6 屬主要檢防疫害蟲種類及其分類鑑定要領，特別著重於分布於亞太地區的重要寡毛實蠅亞科(Dacinae)物種鑑定之特徵區辨。 The family Tephritidae is a large group in the order Diptera, with more than 1,000 genera and about 5,600 species have been recorded and widely distributed all over the world. The fruit fly has a huge impact on the agricultural economy. Its larvae can directly damage the stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of the plant, especially the damage to the fruit of the plant causes the largest loss of the agricultural economy. Among them, species in 6 genera of Anastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Dacus, Ragoletis and Zeugodacus are more economically important. The larvae of the fruit fly can spread to new areas with the import and export of the hosts, and the adults have strong flying ability. Once established in a new area, they will quickly spread and become new economic pests in that area. Important quarantine pests are strictly controlled to stop their spread and prevent agricultural products from being threatened. The most basic method is to use external morphological characteristics as the basis for identification. There are many species of economic importance which live in different geographic regions; however, their external morphological characteristics are very similar and difficult to distinguish. This paper briefly introduces the six major genera of pests in the world for plant quarantine and protection as well as their classification and identification methods; especially focusing on the identification of important Dacinae species distributed in the Asia-Pacific region.