我國植物檢防疫線蟲之偵測鑑識現況與挑戰

Abstract

植物線蟲種類繁多，物種間之型態、生物特性與生態地位皆具有豐富的多樣性。其體型微⼩、繁殖⼒強、環境適應⼒強，具有容易隨貿易貨品移動的特性，且入侵⼀地區之後不易完全滅除，每年對全球重要農業作物造成嚴重產量減損、森林損失以及景觀地貌之變化，為影響國際貿易甚鉅的重要生物因子。我國為世界貿易組織會員國，自國外輸入之農產品種類與數量眾多，有害生物隨之入侵之風險亦⾼。現⾏中華民國輸入植物或植物產品檢疫規定中，稻莖線蟲、穿孔線蟲、黃金線蟲為禁止輸入部分植物或植物產品之原因，而莖線蟲、馬鈴薯腐敗線蟲之相關寄主植物或植物產品則為有條件輸入。此外，我國管制有害生物清單列有其他54 種線蟲。於邊境，防檢局對輸入植物或其產品進⾏抽樣，對攔截到之有害生物進⾏偵測鑑定。當確認有害生物之種類時，立即採取適當之檢疫措施。本文回顧相關法源規範，簡介重要線蟲種類、偵測鑑識技術，並檢視我國現⾏之制度。針對具有檢防疫重要性的植物線蟲，目前我國主要採用型態鑑定與分子技術鑑定併⾏的鑑定方式。然而，受限於諸多重要生物學資訊、資源、人⼒的不完整性，欲快速且準確完成植物線蟲鑑定實屬不易。未來，我國須儘速進⾏大量專業人才的培育以補足人⼒缺口，並提升各單位儀器設備等級與數量，並積極進⾏植物線蟲鑑識新技術之開發與應用，以確保具檢防疫重要性之植物線蟲鑑識效能。 Plant-parasitic nematodes are a large group of animals with diverse morphology, biological characteristics, and ecological niches. They are microscopic, highly reproductive, strongly adaptative to environments, could easily be transported by agricultural trades, and are almost impossible to eradicate once they enter and establish in an area. They cause serious yield losses in global agricultural crops and forests and change the landscape drastically, thus being considered a very important biological factor in international trades. Being a member of the World Trade Organization, Taiwan imports many agricultural commodities at huge quantities. Thus, the risk of accidentally importing pests is also high. In the current regulations for Taiwan’s plant and plant product importation, Ditylenchus angustus, Radopholus similis and Globodera rostochiensis are plant nematode species listed as the associated quarantine pest to prohibited entry plant or plant products, while D. dipsaci and D. destructor are associated to restricted entry plant or plant products. In addition, 54 plant–parasitic nematode species are listed as regulated quarantine pests. At the border, BAPHIQ randomly samples the importing plant or plant products, identifies the intercepted pests within, and conducts proper quarantine measures. In this article, we review the relating regulations, introduce the important nematode spices, the diagnostic and identification methods and techniques, and discuss the present situation and challenges for the system in Taiwan. Both morphological and molecular identification methods are being applied for quarantine nematode pest diagnostic and identification. However, the insufficient biological information, resources, and lacking professional manpower is limiting both efficiency and efficacy. In the future, Taiwan needs to investigate more resources in training more professionals, upgrading necessary equipment, and fully supporting the development and application of new methods for plant quarantine nematode identification.