分子技術在重要作物病原真菌的鑑定與偵測

Abstract

隨各國人員及農產品的頻繁交流，有害生物跨境的機會增加，植物防檢疫的工作量也隨之增加，準確及快速的鑑別出有害生物⼀直為植物防檢疫上須⾯對的課題。近⼆⼗年分子技術的進步，使DNA 解序成本降低，基因序列成為分析物種親緣演化關係的重要依據，利用多位點基因分型的真菌分類、鑑定方法逐漸被廣泛接受後，真菌分類中種的辨識也逐漸由形態種辨識、生物種辨識演變為親緣種辨識，本文以兩屬重要植物病原真菌炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum)及鐮孢菌(Fusarium)之重要物種，說明親緣種辨識下植物病原菌物種概念學名的演替。並彙整前人研究闡述effector 基因、toxin 生合成基因、轉座子及基因體資訊於植物病原真菌偵測的應用，及可應用於田間病害檢測的分子技術。 The increasing oversea chances of pests is due to the high frequency of personnel communication and agricultural trade, which also increases the workloads of plant quarantine. Accurate and fast pest identification tools are always demanded in plant quarantine and pest control. Molecular techniques have advanced and significantly decreased the cost of DNA sequencing in recent twenty years. The DNA sequence are used as the fundamental information for the analysis of phylogenetic relationships. Multilocus sequence typing has been widely accepted in fungal classification and identification. The fungal species recognitions gradually evolve from morphologic species recognition and biological species recognition toward phylogenetic species recognition. In this manuscript we used some important species of Colletotrichum and Fusarium, the two important genera of plant pathogens, to explain the impact of phylogenetic species recognition on species concepts. We also introduce examples that applied the information of effector genes, toxin biosynthesis genes, transposons and genome in plant pathogen detection, and molecular tools that are applicable in on-site disease detection.