茄科作物檢疫病毒與類病毒檢測平台在植物防檢疫之應用

Abstract

茄科作物包含番茄、番椒、茄子與馬鈴薯等重要經濟作物，許多重要之病毒與類病毒會藉由茄科種子攜帶傳播，造成作物嚴重損失。國際間茄科種子貿易頻繁，國外輸入種傳病原風險將急劇升高。動植物防疫檢疫局根據風險評估結果針對輸入茄科種子種苗擬定國際間6 種重要檢疫類病毒，包括馬鈴薯紡錘形塊莖類病毒 (potato spindle tuber viroid, PSTVd)、番茄褪綠矮化類病毒 (tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid, TCDVd)、鯨魚藤潛隱類病毒 (Columnea latent viroid, CLVd)、番椒小果類病毒 (pepper chat fruit viroid, PCFVd)、番茄莖頂矮化類病毒 (tomato apical stunt viroid, TASVd) 和番茄植株雄化類病毒 (tomato planta macho viroid, TPMVd) 與4 種病毒，包括番茄褐色皺果病毒 (tomato brown rugose fruit virus, ToBRFV)、番茄斑駁嵌紋病毒 (tomato mottle mosaic virus, ToMMV)、香瓜茄嵌紋病毒 (pepino mosaic virus, PepMV)及番茄黃化捲葉病毒 (tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV) 為進口檢疫項目。農試所建立之上述10 種病毒與類病毒之核酸檢測平台，除了應用於邊境監測之進口茄科種子檢測，也使用於田間監測，防止國內尚未發生的茄科重要病毒及類病毒傳播進入我國造成危害，提升我國茄科種子種苗之國際競爭力並確保茄科產業持續發展。 Solanaceae plants include many important economic crops such as tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, and potatoes. Many important viruses and viroids are carried and long distance transmission by seeds of Solanaceae crops, causing serious agricultural losses. The international trade in Solanaceae seeds is frequent, and the risk of imported seed-borne virus and viroids from abroad will increase significantly. Base on the results of the risk assessment, The Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine has designated the import quarantine items including six viroids and four viruses for imported Solanaceae seeds and seedlings. Six viroids including potato spindle tuber viroids (PSTVd), tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid (TCDVd), Columnea latent viroid (CLVd), pepper chat fruit viroid (PCFVd), tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd) and tomato planta macho viroid (TPMVd) and four viruses, including tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV), pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). The nucleic acid detection system for the aforementioned 10 viruses and viroids has been established by the Agricultural Research Institute. This system is not only used for border detection of imported Solanaceae seeds, but also for field monitoring to completely prevent these important viruses and viroids from entering Taiwan and endanger the agricultural system. These measures will enhance the international competitiveness of Solanaceae seeds and ensure the sustainable development of the industry.