分子技術在防檢疫害蟲鑑定之應用

Abstract

防檢疫害蟲的種類鑑定是後續相應措施的基本根據，在缺乏明顯形態特徵的未成熟期或僅餘蟲體殘骸時，以分子技術鑑定害蟲是唯⼀獲知害蟲種類的⽅法。隨著近代分子生物學的快速發展，應用保存生物所有遺傳訊息的 DNA 鑑定防檢疫害蟲種類，已越來越便利、可行。目前較常應用於防檢疫害蟲鑑定的分子技術有聚合酶鏈鎖反應、逢機增幅多態型-聚合酶連鎖反應、序列特徵化增幅區域、限制酶多型性分析、具種專⼀性之聚合酶鏈鎖反應、複合式聚合酶鏈鎖反應、恆溫環狀擴增法、生物晶片及 DNA 條碼等。這些⽅法各有優缺點，都可應用在防檢疫害蟲不同生活時期的種類鑑定。本文將就上述應用於鑑定害蟲種類之分子技術逐⼀介紹。隨著科學的快速進步，預期未來也將會有更新的分子技術應用在害蟲種類鑑定。 Accurate species identification of pests is the first step in initiating species-specific treatment procedures. In the immature stage lacking obvious morphological characteristics or the wreckage of pests, the molecular technique is the only way to confirm the species of pests. With the vigorous development of molecular biology, it has become more and more convenient and feasible to use DNA to identify pest species. Here we review the molecular techniques used for the identification of pest species, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR), sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), species-specific PCR, multiplex PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), biochip and DNA barcode. With the rapid progress of science, it is expected that there will be newer molecular technique applications in the species identification of pests.