棗「台農9號」、「台農12號」及「台農13號」果實生育與貯藏期間理化特性探討

Abstract

以棗品種「台農9號-新蜜王」、「台農12號-水蜜」及「台農13號-雪麗」為材料調查果實生長發育及貯藏特性之差異；結果顯示在果實生長發育中果重、果實縱徑、果實橫徑等呈雙S型曲線；「台農13號」於授粉後100 d 達最大果實重量及總可溶性固形物含量超過10°Brix，其餘台農品種分別於授粉後120–130 d 達到最大重量及總可溶性固形物含量；果實成熟時，「台農12號」呼吸率及乙烯生成率最低，與「台農12號」比較，「台農9號」呼吸率是其1.75 倍；乙烯生成率部分，「台農9號」是「台農12號」的4倍。棗台農系列各品種在果皮表面亮度為50 以上，為接近成熟之採收適期，色彩濃度讀值「台農9號」約在38、「台農12號」約在30、「台農13號」約在43為接近成熟之採收適期，色相角度「台農9號」約在97度、「台農12號」約在95度、「台農13號」約在110度為接近成熟之採收適期。調查20、5 及1℃模擬貯運結果方面，「台農9號」在5℃及1℃貯藏期間果實腐損發生時間較早、腐損率較高，「台農12號」在5℃及1℃寒害率上升最快，「台農13號」在5℃及1℃寒害率表現略優對照「金桃」，腐損率表現在5℃及1℃略差於「金桃」品種，可溶性固形物在貯運期間表現優於「金桃」。 To investigate the physico-chemical changes of jujube fruit during growth and stage, the varieties of ‘TN 9-New Honey King’, ‘TN 12-Water Honey’, and ‘TN 13-Shirley’ were used as materials. The results showed that the fruit growth pattern appeared double the sigmoid curve on fruit fresh weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, and fruit cross diameter. ‘TN 13’ reaches its maximum weight and total soluble solids content increasing over the rate of 10°Brix after 100 d pollination, whereas ‘TN 9’and ‘TN 12’ reached their maximum after 120–130 d after pollination. ‘TN12’ produced the least amounts of the respiration rate and the ethylene production rate during fruit ripening. Compared with ‘TN 12’, ‘TN 9’ produced a higher respiration rate by 1.75 times; ‘TN 9’ and ‘Xue Mi’ varieties produced higher ethylene production rates by 4 times. The peel color lightness of Tainung varieties was 50 at harvest. The peel chroma values of ‘TN 9’, ‘TN 12’ and ‘TN 13’ was 38, 30, and 43, respectively, at harvest. The hue angle of ‘TN 9’, ‘TN 12’ and ‘TN 13’ was 97°, 95°, and 110°, respectively, at harvest. The decay rate of ‘TN 9’ occurred earlier during the storage was higher than the other varieties, ‘TN 12’ chilling injury index rose fastest when being stored at 5℃ and 1℃. ‘TN 13’ performed slightly better than the control ‘Jin Tao’ variety at 5℃ and 1℃ in chilling injury index. The decay rate was slightly lower than the control ‘Jin Tao’ variety at 5℃ and 1℃. The total soluble solids performed better than the ‘Jin Tao’ varieties during storage.