五種瓜類病毒在本省甜瓜及西瓜之發生與分布

Abstract

1985年秋作採集高屏、雲嘉南及臺中等地區疑似病毒感染的甜瓜和西瓜樣品以ELISA法偵測ZYMV、WMV-1和CGMMV等三種病毒的感染情形，得知267個甜瓜和121個西瓜樣品中均以感染ZYMV的比例最高，次為WMV-l，其中僅一個甜瓜樣品對CGMMV抗血清有反應，複合感染則均由ZYMV和WMV-l兩病毒所引起。1986年春作採集之樣品除以上三區外，還包括花東及澎湖兩地區，以同樣方法偵測ZYMV、WMV-l、WMV-2、CMV和CGMMV等五種病毒的感染情形，發現在343個甜瓜(包括越瓜37個)樣品中仍以ZYMV感染率最高，其次依序為CMV、WMV-l與CGMMV。複合感染仍以ZYMV和WMV-l兩種病毒為主，有少數樣品測得由WMV-l、CMV和CGMMV三種病毒所感染。供測試的352個西瓜樣品中亦以ZYMV感染比例最高，其次是WMV-l，而CMV、WMV或CGMMV僅少數樣品有反應。同樣地，複合感染亦以ZYMV和WMV-l兩種病毒為主。不同地區所測得的病毒種類和發生比例也有所不同，花東地區所採之西瓜樣品以感染WMV-l最多，澎湖地區所採之甜瓜和西瓜樣品僅測得CMV，尤其在甜瓜上CMV佔很高的比例。不論秋作或春作，仍有許多疑似病毒感染之樣品偵測五種病毒而呈負反應，是否營養不平衡或殺草劑所引起之類似病毒症狀或其他新病毒所致，則有待進一步之探討。 The occurrence of five cucurbit viruses on melon and watermelon in major production areas of Taiwan were detected by direct-ELISA tests. In fall crop of 1985, leaf samples showing mosaic-like symptoms were collected from Kao-Ping (Kaohsiung-Pin-tung), Yun-Chia-Nan (Yunlin-Chiayi-Tainan) and Taichung (Taichung-Changhwa-Nantou) to test for the incidence of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), watermelon mosaic virus-1 (WMV-1) and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV). The results showed that, among 267 melon and 121 watermelon samples, ZYMV was the most prevalent , followed by WMV-1, and CGMMV was rare. All samples detected with mixed infection were caused by ZYMV and WMV-1. In spring crop of 1986, areas under survey were extended to Hwa-tung (Hwalien-Taitung) area , an eastern part of Taiwan, and Penghu island, a small island about 60 kilometers away from the west coast of Taiwan. Similar ELISA was again performed but watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were further included in this survey. Among 343 melon samples (including 37 oriental pickling melon), ZYMV gave the highest incidence rate, followed by CMV. WMV-1 and CGMMV. No samples were found infected by WMV-2. The results of assay of 352 watermelon samples, ZYMV again was the most prevalent, next by WMV-1, while other viruses were rare. Interestingly, samples of melon and watermelon collected from Penghu island when detected with virus infection were all caused by CMV, In both surveys, there were high percentages of samples carried mosaic-like symptoms but unreacted to the five antisera used. The reasons may be some samples are caused by misuse of herbicide or nutrient deficiency, and some are due to new virus and/or viruses.