花粉立即效應對寄接梨果實品質之影響

Abstract

本省梨的栽培面積約有10,000公頃，其中約5,000公頃生産寄接梨，本試驗之目的在於尋求各不同栽培種寄接梨最佳的花粉親種類，以期利用花粉立即效應來改善寄接梨的生産品質。五種高山梨（‘幸水’、‘豐水’、‘新興’、‘新世紀’及‘長十郎’），二種平地梨（‘鳥梨’與‘橫山梨’）及雙品種混合花粉（‘長十郎’＋‘鳥梨’，‘長十郎’＋‘橫山梨’）爲父本與五種母本組成32種人工雜交組合，於1991年與1992年進行兩年試驗。不同花粉親的花粉立即效應非常明顯，可以影響菓實重量、果心大小、種子數目、可溶性固形物及石細胞含量等果實綜合性狀。雙品種混合花粉可提高著果率與產量。

本省梨的栽培面積約有10,000公頃，其中約5,000公頃生産寄接梨，本試驗之目的在於尋求各不同栽培種寄接梨最佳的花粉親種類，以期利用花粉立即效應來改善寄接梨的生産品質。五種高山梨（‘幸水’、‘豐水’、‘新興’、‘新世紀’及‘長十郎’），二種平地梨（‘鳥梨’與‘橫山梨’）及雙品種混合花粉（‘長十郎’＋‘鳥梨’，‘長十郎’＋‘橫山梨’）爲父本與五種母本組成32種人工雜交組合，於1991年與1992年進行兩年試驗。不同花粉親的花粉立即效應非常明顯，可以影響菓實重量、果心大小、種子數目、可溶性固形物及石細胞含量等果實綜合性狀。雙品種混合花粉可提高著果率與產量。 Nash pear is produced on about 10,000 ha of which 5 000 ha are produced by annual grafting fashion in Taiwan. This research attemped to determine the different pollen parents which influence the fruit characteristics of "annual grafting" pears, and to improve fruit quality by immediate pollen effect. Five high-chill adapted cultivars (幸水Kosui, 豐水Hosui, 新興Shinkou, 新世紀Sinseiki, and 長十郎Chojuro), two low chill adapted cuitivars (橫山梨Huang-Sang Li and 鳥梨Niau Li) and two mixed pollen sources (長十郎Chojuro + 鳥梨Ninu Li, and長十郎Chojuro +橫山梨Huang-Sang Li) were paternal parents in controlled crosses with the five maternal parents to make 32 combinations in 1991 and 1992. Pollen source might influence fruit characteristics in relation to fruit weight, fruit size, core size, number of seeds per fruit, total soluble solides and stone cells. Mixed two pollen sources were able to increase fruit setting and total yield.