放射菌與洋菇及堆肥中幾種微生物間生長關係之研究

Abstract

為了解洋菇堆肥製作及後醱酵期間常可發現之一種白色粉狀放射菌Micromonosporus sp.,與洋菇Agaricus bisporus及堆肥中常見有害於洋菇菌絲生長之Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., Chaetomium sp., Fusarium sp., 等幾種菌類問的生長關係，以作為今後徉姑堆肥製作改進之參考，乃於堆肥製作醱酵期中純粹分離培養出一種放射菌。 將此放射狀菌與洋菇（Agaricus bisporus）及堆肥中常見有害於洋菇生長之Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., Chaetomium sp., Fusarium sp., 等幾種菌類，作菌絲生長及胞子發芽等關係之研究，發現本試驗之放射菌確實能促進洋錯菌絲生長，而對其他供試菌類之菌絲有抑制生長的作用，其中尤以對Trichoderma sp.,之抑制生長作用最強。又供試各菌類胞子在放射菌層上作發芽試驗結果，發現在25℃，10天內一般發芽率均低，但在PDA培養基（ck）上培養者，則2天內即有90%以上發芽率，且菌絲蔓延極速，故若能將此放射菌在堆肥中大量繁殖並妥加利用，深信對洋結病害之預防必收宏效。 This experiment is to investigate, during composting and peak-heating period, the relationship between Micromonosporus sp., Agaricus bisporus and other 4 fungi growth including Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., Chaetomium sp., Fusarium sp. ,which are harmful to mushroom growth in compost, so as to make improvement in mushroom composting. A species of Micromonosporus sp., was isolated from fermenting compost. By measuring the mycelial growth and spore germination of Micromonosporus sp., Agarocus bisporus and harmful Penecillium sp., Trichoderma sp., Chaetomium sp., Fusarium sp., it was found that Micromonosporus sp. do increase the growth of the other harmful fungal mycelium. Especially for Trichoderma sp., the inhibition was the strongest. In the spore germination test of fungal spore on Micromonosporus sp. colony layer, it was found that under 25°C in 10 days there are only few spores could germinate, while on PDA media (ck) the germination rate could reach 90% in 2 days, besides, the mycelia spread fast. So, it seems that if we could possibly apply a large amount of Micromonosporus Sp. during the composting period, it will be a great success in mushroom disease control.