洋菇癭蠅防治之研究

Abstract

爲害洋菇(Agricus brunnescens)之癭蠅幼蟲均有幼體生殖之習性，兼之洋菇菌絲柔弱，故在防治工作上頗受限制。就近年來在室內試驗測定之結果，摘述如下： 一、就肯亞出產之天然除蟲菊精粉劑(Pyrethrin D.)、日本産天然除蟲菊精(Pyrethrin 15%)自行調配成粉劑，及合成除蟲菊精乳劑(Safrocide 4-40% EC)，對粗緣癭蠅(Heteropeza pygmaea Winnertz)及直脈癭蠅(Henria sp.)幼蟲之毒殺效果並不理想。此三種除蟲菊製造時，因添加Piperonyl butoxide增效劑，故對洋菇菌絲之生長具有極顯明之抑制作用。 二、在室內測定DDVP 50% EC及Dipterex 80% SP之各種稀釋液對兩種癭蠅幼蟲之毒殺效果，亦不理想。 三、利用氰氮化鈣(Calcium Cyanamide, CaCN2)處理洋菇栽培後之廢堆肥，可有效殺滅潛藏堆肥中之癭蠅類幼蟲，可以減少此類害蟲日後之蔓延。 四、在室內飼育癭蠅成蟲，因幼蟲化蛹數量有限，且成蟲之羽化率不高，粗緣癭蠅僅爲18~22%，直脈癭蠅約爲62%，欲大量繁殖成蟲略有困難。 Several kinds of insectides were tested to control mushroom-infesting cecidomyiids (Heteropeza pygmaea Winn. and Henria sp.). The difficulties encountered in the tests were the tenderness of mushrooms to stand against ordinary chemicals and the unavailability of large number of adult midges for testing because these cecidomyiids are generally paedogenetic and their pupation and adult emergence rates are exceedingly low. Pyrethrin D from Kenya, 15% pyrethrin from Japan and Safrocide 4-50% EC were found to be little efficient in killing the maggots, and the adding of piperonyl butoxide (as a synergic agent) to these 3 chemicals led to the withholding of the normal growth of mushrooms treated. None of the various dilutions of DDVP and Dipterex proved to be an efficient killer of the maggots. However, the treatment of used compost manure from mushroom beds with calcium cyanamide considerably reduced the maggot population contained therein, consequently a prompt build-up of the population during the next crop may thus be prevented.