果樹採收機之研究

Abstract

據本年初步研製採收機與一般慣行法採收比較試驗結果得歸納為下列各點： 1.本機長2.4公尺，寬13公分，機重1.1公斤，輕便而操作簡易，適合農家婦女使用。 2.採收機的效率以本試驗所用的品種而言，均確較人工手採為高(12～64﹪)，但品種固有的形態與特性的不同，亦將影響其功能。 3.機採受傷率及腐爛率與手採相差不大。 4.機採果梗過長數比手採較多，尚待繼續研究改善。 5.本機具可採收樹冠上部或高處懸空之果實(高度4.1公尺以下)，以免爬樹之危險與墊梯之便。 6.有刺果樹如檸檬用機採可避免刺傷與割破衣服及身體。 7.機採之果實較一般人工採收者為清潔，若病蟲害防治良好，勿須再僅果面清潔工作，工般果面擦淨時間為採收時間之1/2～1/3，故機採可節省更多時工。 8.本採收機經柳橙等五品種試驗結果，認為可適於蒂部形狀較平整而質較堅實的果實採收之用。 This experiment was carried out at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station from January, 1970 to March, 1971. The results obtained are briefly summarized as follows. 1.The fruit picker increased working efficiency by 64﹪ for grape fruit, 47﹪ for canistel, 24﹪ for lemon, 20-24﹪ for ponkan, and 12-26﹪ for seal orange when compared with manual labors. The efficiency may be affected by the shape and other morphological characters of fruits. 2.The percentage of fruit injury during the picking process was less than 1.6﹪ for manual labors whereas fruit picker caused fruit injury by 8.23﹪ for canistel, 4.71﹪ for lemon, 1.76-3.49﹪ for ponkan and 0.24-1.44﹪ for seal orange. 3.The percentage of fruit decay was slightly higher for fruits harvested by fruit picker than those of manual labors. However, the difference failed to reach a significant level, indicating that storage ability of fruits was not affected by fruit picker. 4.The percentage of fruit with outsize fruit stack was 30, 24, and 11﹪larger in the fruits harvested by fruit picker for ponkan, seal orange and grape fruit, and lemon respectively in comparison with those harvested by manual labors. 5.The fruit picker was capable of harvesting fruits on the top of the tree without the danger of climbing the tree as usually the case in hand picking. 6.The results of this experiment demonstrated that this fruit picker could be used successfully for picking those fruits with flat bottom and hard texture.