提高鳳梨第二回產量之方法

Abstract

本試驗於45年秋開始栽植，同一試驗分設於臺南與高雄四個地區舉辦。本試驗共分四處理卽(1)採用常開英種苗，(2)採用三菱系種苗，於生長一年後以碳化鈣處理鳳梨芯部，(3)採用三菱系種苗，於開花終了20天內留三裔芽將其餘裔芽摘除，(4)採用三菱系種苗，做對照區。此四處裡重複四次，隨機排列，共16小區，小區面積75平方公尺(10m×7.5m)，內設五畦，每畦兩行，畦距100公分，行距50公分，株距35公分，每小區栽290株。 1. 第一回結實率：各處理間都在90%以上，所以各處理間之差異均不顯著。據四地區平均第一回結實率以碳化鈣處理區最高94.26%，除裔芽區93.1%，對照區92.75%，正常開英區90.31%。 2. 第一回果實成熟期：以碳化鈣處理區最早，自4月27日始至6月4日止，比其餘三處理約早兩個多月，其餘三處理之果實成熟期均自7月1日始至8月26日止。 3. 第一回果實產量：各處理間有差異，在四地區中兩地區差異顯著，兩地區差異不顯著。據四地區平均各處理間以正常開英區產量最高，每公頃達57.7公噸，比對照區增產15%，除裔芽區55.3公噸，碳化鈣處理區51.2公噸，對照區50.4公噸。 4. 第一回平均果重：各處理間有差異，在四地區中兩地區差異顯著，兩地區不顯著。四地區平均以正常開英區之平均果重最高為1.689公斤，除裔芽區1.562公斤，對照區1.437公斤，碳化鈣處理區1.386公斤。 5. 吸芽發生數：四個地區各處理間差異均甚顯著，據四地區平均以碳化鈣處理區每株平均吸芽數最多為0.93個，正常開英區0.41個，除裔芽區0.37個，對照區0.15個。 6. 各處理第二回之結實率：四地區中有三個地區差異顯著，一個地區差異不顯著。據四地區平均各處理間以碳化鈣處理區之第二回結實率最高56.67%，正常開英區次之40.51%，除裔芽區29.3%，對照區13.83%。 7. 各處理第二回果實產量：四個地區差異均甚顯著。據四地區平均以碳化鈣處理區公頃產量最高28.6公噸，為對照區產量之4.22倍，正常開英區之公頃產量為23.5公噸，為對照區之3.47倍，除裔芽區為13.8公噸，為對照區之2.04倍，對照區之公頃產量為6.77公噸。 8. 各處理第二回之平均果重：四個地區差異均顯著。據四個地區平均以正常開英區夏果平均果重最大1.795公斤，碳化鈣處理區1.468公斤，除裔芽區1.437公斤，對照區1.401公斤，冬果之平均果重比夏果小，但仍以正常開英區最大1.522公斤，其餘三處理之冬果平均果重均在1.320至1.283公斤之間。 9. 各處理第一二回果實之合計產量：四地區中三個地區差異顯著，一個地區差異不顯著。據四地區平均各處理仍以正常開英合計公頃產量最高81.2公噸，比對照區增產42%，碳化鈣處理區79.7公噸，比對照區增產39%，除裔芽區68.8公噸，增產20%，對照區公頃合計產量為57.1公噸。 This experiment was carried out in four different localities in Tainan and Kaohsiung districts in 1956. Four treatments were designated as: (A)Normal type of smooth cayenne seedling were selected as planting materials, (B) Seedlings of collar of slips were used as planting materials, and the seedlings were treated with calcium carbide one year after they were planted, (C) Seedlings of collar of slips were used as planting materials, they were not treated with calcium carbids and the axcessive slips were not removed. Treatment (D) was used as checks. Randomized block design was used and the treatments were replicated four times. The results of this experiment may be summerized as follows: (1) The average fruit setting percentages of the first year crop for 4 treatments were: all over 90%. There was no significant difference between different treatments. According to Table 2, the average fruit setting percentages of the first year crop for treatments B. C. D and A were 94.26%, 93.1%, 92.75%, and 90.31%, respectively. (2) The maturity of the first year crop for treatment (B) was two months earlier (from April 29 to June 4) than that of the rest treatments, (from July 1 to August 26). (3) There was sighificant difference between treatments in the first year crop yield in two localities, whereas no sighificant difference between treatments was shown in the other two localities. The average calculated yields per hectare were 57.7, 55.3, 51.2 and 50.4 tons for treatments A. C. B. and D respectively. The yield of treatment (A) was 15% higher than that of treatment (D). (4) There was significant difference between treatment, in fruit weight in two localities whereas no significant difference between treatments was shown in the other two localities. The average weight per fruit for treatments A. C. D. and B were 1.689 kg, 1.562 kg, 1.437 kg, and 1.386 kg. respectively. (5) There was significant difference in the number of suckers produced between treatments in all localities. The average number of suckers per plant for treatments B. A. C. and D were 0.93, 0.41, 0.37, and 0.15, respectively. (6) There was significant difference in fruit setting percentage of ratoon crop in three out of the four localities whereas no significant difference was found in the fourth locality. The average fruit setting percentage of ratoon crop for treatments B. A. C. and D. were 56.67%, 40.51%, 29.3%, and 13.83%, respectively. (7) Significant difference in ratoon crop yield was found between different treatments. The average calculated yield of ratoon crop were 28.6 tons, 23.5 tons, 13.8 tons, and 6.77 tons for treatments B. A. C. and D. (8) The average weight per fruit of ratoon crop showed significant differences between different treatments. The average weight of summer fruit of ratoon crop were 1.795 kg, 1.468kg, 1.437 kg, and 1.401 kg. for treatments A. B. C. and D. (9) The average calculated total yields of first year crop and ratoon crop per hectare were 81.2 tons, 79.7 tons, 68.8 tons and 57.1 tons for treatments A.B. C. and D. This means a percentage of 42.0, 39.0, and 20.0 for treatments A. B. and C. over treatment D.