作物育種之兩個基本遺傳法則

Abstract

本文討論作物育種中，質的性狀所遵循的兩個遺傳法則：孟德爾遺傳定律及哈地—溫柏格均。經藉由自花與異花授粉作物基因暨基因型在原始暨衛生族群之改變來數學地例釋此兩個遺傳法則。所舉例子說明在異花授粉族群中，授粉前施淘汰對基因頻度改變之效應為授粉後施淘汰者之兩倍。 Two basic genetic principles applied to plant breeding were discussed in this paper. Effect of selection in a self-pollinated and in a cross-pollinated populations was mathematically illustrated with Mendel and Hardy-Weinberg principles, respectively. The changes in gene and genotype frequencies between original and subsequent populations were emphasized. The examples illustrated that selection before pollination in an open-pollinated population is twice as effective in changing gene frequency as selection after selection.