台灣慣行與有機農作環境中瓢蟲種類組成差異

Abstract

本研究呈現2020–2022 年於麻豆文旦園等11 個農業樣區，以黃色黏蟲紙調查不同農耕田區瓢蟲科(Coccinellidae) 種類之結果。總計調查分別隸屬於8 個亞科、11 族、32 屬之68 種瓢蟲，其中以瓢蟲亞科(Coccinellinae) 瓢蟲族 (Coccinellini) 有26 種瓢蟲物種數量最多。六條瓢蟲 (Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781))、變斑隱勢瓢蟲 (Cryptogonus orbiculus (Gyllenhal, 1808))、黃瓢蟲 (Illeis koebelei Timberlake, 1943)、龜紋瓢蟲 (Propylea japonica (Thunberg, 1781)) 及台南方瓢蟲 (Sasajiscymnus tainanensis (Ohta, 1929)) 等5 種瓢蟲於11 個農業樣區中均有發現。水稻不同農耕田區之主要優勢瓢蟲為橙瓢蟲 (Micraspis discolor (Fabricius, 1798)) 與六條瓢蟲；果園不同農耕田區主要優勢瓢蟲分別為變斑隱勢瓢蟲、台南方瓢蟲、六條瓢蟲及中黑小瓢蟲 (Scymnus centralis Kamiya, 1965)。有機農耕果園較慣行農耕果園擁有較高的瓢蟲物種數與數量；水稻不同農耕田區，瓢蟲發生種類與數量差異不一致。於調查的11 個農業樣區中，有9 個有機農耕田區其瓢蟲多樣性較慣行農耕田區高。本研究結果提供各樣區的瓢蟲種類與最優勢的瓢蟲資訊，可供當地制定作物害蟲生物防治管理策略時參考。其中，台南方瓢蟲在所有農業樣區中都有分布，且同時是多個農業樣區中的優勢瓢蟲，其害蟲生物防治潛力值得進一步研究。 This study presents the results of a survey of different lady beetle species in field areas under various agricultural practices using the yellow sticky paper method in 11 agricultural monitoring stations, including the Madou pomelo fruit orchard, from 2020 to 2022. A total of 68 lady beetle species belonging to 8 subfamilies, 11 tribes, and 32 genera were identified, among which the subfamily Coccinellinae and tribe Coccinellini had the highest number of species, with 26 species of lady beetles. Five species of lady beetle- Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1781), Cryptogonus orbiculus (Gyllenhal, 1808), Illeis koebelei (Timberlake, 1943), Propylea japonica (Thunberg, 1781), and Sasajiscymnus tainanensis (Ohta, 1929), had the widest distribution and were found in all 11 agricultural monitoring stations. The dominant lady beetle species in different rice fields were Micraspis discolor (Fabricius, 1798) and Ch. sexmaculata. In fruit orchards under different farming practices, the dominant lady beetle species were Cr. orbiculus, Sa. tainanensis, Ch. sexmaculata, and Scymnus centralis Kamiya, 1965. Organic fruit orchards demonstrated a higher diversity and quantity of lady beetles compared to conventionally cultivated orchards. The occurrence of lady beetle species and their quantities varied in different rice fields. Among the 11 agricultural monitoring stations surveyed, 9 organic monitoring stations had higher lady beetle diversity than conventionally monitoring stations. These findings revealed the species composition of lady beetles and identified the dominant species in various agricultural regions. Notably, Sa. tainanensis exhibited the broadest distribution and was the predominant species across most areas. These results will be useful in the development and implementation of future biological control management programs.